THORAX AND LUNGS

Question 1

which part of the respiratory tract is aligned with the sternal angle?

Answer 1

carina

Question 2

which vertebrae is the sternal angle aligned with?

Answer 2

T4

Question 3

the scapula occupies which vertebraes?

Answer 3

T2-T7

Question 4

problem with respiration = problem with ___

Answer 4

oxygenation

Question 5

___ prevents friction in the lungs

Answer 5

pleural membrane

Question 6

what happens when there is too much pleural fluid?

Answer 6

lung expansion will be compromised

Question 7

dull percussion of the lung suggests?

Answer 7

pleural cavity may be filled with fluid

Question 8

bluish color around the mouth area

Answer 8

circumoral cyanosis

Question 9

what does dyspnea mean?

Answer 9

difficulty in breathing

Question 10

what is the proper position for assessing posterior thorax?

Answer 10

lean forward with arms crossed

Question 11

what is the proper ratio of ateroposterior and transverse diameter?

Answer 11

1:2

Question 12

AP diameter >/= transverse diameter

Answer 12

barrel chest

Question 13

chest bulges forward

Answer 13

pigeon chest / pectus carinatum

Question 14

pectus carinatum is common in?

Answer 14

people with asthma

Question 15

sternum is depressed

Answer 15

funnel chest / pectus excavatum

Question 16

exaggeration of lumbar curvature

Answer 16

lordosis

Question 17

lordosis is common with?

Answer 17

toddlers learning to walk

Question 18

exaggeration of thoracic curvature

Answer 18

kyphosis

Question 19

twisting of the spine, either in lumbar or thoracic area

Answer 19

scoliosis

Question 20

use of accessory muscle is usually a sign of?

Answer 20

dyspnea

Question 21

use of both arms for support

Answer 21

tripod position

Question 22

position like laying down on a desk

Answer 22

orthopneic

Question 23

parts of sternum that retract during inhalation

Answer 23

sternal retractions

Question 24

true or false: the slope of the ribs are normally upward with symmetric ICS

Answer 24

false: slope of ribs are normally downward

Question 25

normal respiration rate?

Answer 25

12-20 cpm

Question 26

less than 24 cpm, shallow

Answer 26

tachypnea

Question 27

give some factors that can induce tachypnea

Answer 27

fever, anxiety, exercise, respiratory insufficiency, alkalosis, pneumonia, plurisy

Question 28

inflammation of the pleura

Answer 28

pleuritis

Question 29

less than 10 cpm, regular

Answer 29

bradypnea

Question 30

bradypnea is normal in?

Answer 30

well conditioned athletes

Question 31

give examples of what can induce bradypnea

Answer 31

medication-induced, diabetic coma, neurologic damage

Question 32

increased respiratory rate and depth

Answer 32

hyperventilation

Question 33

give examples of what can cause hyperventilation

Answer 33

extreme exercise, fear, anxiety

Question 34

type of hyperventilation associated with diabetic ketoacidosis

Answer 34

kausmaul’s

Question 35

decreased respiratory rate and depth

Answer 35

hypoventilation

Question 36

overdose of narcotic or anesthesia could cause?

Answer 36

hypoventilation

Question 37

- periods of regular and irregular - severe congestive heart failure, drug overdose, intercranial pressure

Answer 37

cheyne-stokes

Question 38

this type of pattern is common in elderly people during sleep but is not related to any disease process

Answer 38

cheyne-stokes

Question 39

like hyperventilation with crackles because of secretions

Answer 39

death rattle

Question 40

irregular pattern with carying depth and rate followed by periods of apnea

Answer 40

biot’s respiration

Question 41

crackling sensation caused by subcutaneous emphysema

Answer 41

crepitus

Question 42

vibratory sensation in the thoracic area

Answer 42

fremitus

Question 43

increased fremitus suggests?

Answer 43

lung consolidation

Question 44

decreased fremitus suggests?

Answer 44

bronchial obstruction

Question 45

unequal chest expansion suggests?

Answer 45

atelectasis

Question 46

type of chest expansion caused by pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pneumonia, collapsed lung

Answer 46

unilateral

Question 47

type of chest expansion cause by adavnces lung, fibrosis, airflow obstruction, and musculo-skeletal problems

Answer 47

bilateral

Question 48

percussion of the thorax should sound?

Answer 48

resonant

Question 49

determines the distance that the lungs occupy when they expand

Answer 49

diaphragmatic excursion

Question 50

normal distance of diaphragmatic excursion in a normal adult?

Answer 50

3-5 cm

Question 51

normal distance of diaphragmatic excursion in a well conditioned person?

Answer 51

7-8 cm

Question 52

true or false: the diaphragm is higher in the right because of the liver

Answer 52

true

Question 53

- soft expiratory sound, low pitch - I > E - heard on entire lung field

Answer 53

vesicular

Question 54

- intermediate expiratory sound and pitch - I = E - heard on 1st and 2nd ICS and scapulae

Answer 54

brochovesicular

Question 55

- lound expiratory sound, high pitched - E > I - heard on manubrium

Answer 55

bronchial

Question 56

high pitched, short popping sound heard during inspiration and not cleared with coughing

Answer 56

fine crackles

Question 57

crackles occuring late in inspiration suggests?

Answer 57

pneumonia, CHF

Question 58

crackles heard early in inspiration suggests?

Answer 58

bronchitis, asthma, emphysema

Question 59

low pitched, bubbling, moist sounds that may persist from early inspiration to early expiration

Answer 59

coarse crackles

Question 60

like rolling a strand of hair between your fingers near your ear

Answer 60

fine crackles

Question 61

described as softly separating velcro

Answer 61

coarse crackles

Question 62

low pitched, dry, grating sound, much like crackles, only more superficial and occuring during both inspiration and expiration

Answer 62

pleural rub

Question 63

high pitched, musical sounds heard primarily during expiration but may also be heard on inspiration

Answer 63

wheeze

Question 64

harsh honking wheeze with severe broncholaryngospasm such as occurs with croup

Answer 64

stridor

Question 65

ask the client to repeat the phrase 99 while you auscultate the chest wall

Answer 65

bronchophony

Question 66

ask the client to repeat the letter E while you listen over the chest wall

Answer 66

egophony

Question 67

ask the client to whisper the phrase 1-2-3 while auscultating the chest wall

Answer 67

whispered pectoriloquy