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HEALTH ASSESSMENT > THORAX AND LUNGS > Flashcards

THORAX AND LUNGS Flashcards

1
Q

which part of the respiratory tract is aligned with the sternal angle?

A

carina

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2
Q

which vertebrae is the sternal angle aligned with?

A

T4

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3
Q

the scapula occupies which vertebraes?

A

T2-T7

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4
Q

problem with respiration = problem with ___

A

oxygenation

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5
Q

___ prevents friction in the lungs

A

pleural membrane

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6
Q

what happens when there is too much pleural fluid?

A

lung expansion will be compromised

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7
Q

dull percussion of the lung suggests?

A

pleural cavity may be filled with fluid

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8
Q

bluish color around the mouth area

A

circumoral cyanosis

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9
Q

what does dyspnea mean?

A

difficulty in breathing

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10
Q

what is the proper position for assessing posterior thorax?

A

lean forward with arms crossed

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11
Q

what is the proper ratio of ateroposterior and transverse diameter?

A

1:2

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12
Q

AP diameter >/= transverse diameter

A

barrel chest

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13
Q

chest bulges forward

A

pigeon chest / pectus carinatum

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14
Q

pectus carinatum is common in?

A

people with asthma

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15
Q

sternum is depressed

A

funnel chest / pectus excavatum

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16
Q

exaggeration of lumbar curvature

A

lordosis

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17
Q

lordosis is common with?

A

toddlers learning to walk

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18
Q

exaggeration of thoracic curvature

A

kyphosis

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19
Q

twisting of the spine, either in lumbar or thoracic area

A

scoliosis

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20
Q

use of accessory muscle is usually a sign of?

A

dyspnea

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21
Q

use of both arms for support

A

tripod position

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22
Q

position like laying down on a desk

A

orthopneic

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23
Q

parts of sternum that retract during inhalation

A

sternal retractions

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24
Q

true or false: the slope of the ribs are normally upward with symmetric ICS

A

false: slope of ribs are normally downward

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25
Q

normal respiration rate?

A

12-20 cpm

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26
Q

less than 24 cpm, shallow

A

tachypnea

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27
Q

give some factors that can induce tachypnea

A

fever, anxiety, exercise, respiratory insufficiency, alkalosis, pneumonia, plurisy

28
Q

inflammation of the pleura

A

pleuritis

29
Q

less than 10 cpm, regular

A

bradypnea

30
Q

bradypnea is normal in?

A

well conditioned athletes

31
Q

give examples of what can induce bradypnea

A

medication-induced, diabetic coma, neurologic damage

32
Q

increased respiratory rate and depth

A

hyperventilation

33
Q

give examples of what can cause hyperventilation

A

extreme exercise, fear, anxiety

34
Q

type of hyperventilation associated with diabetic ketoacidosis

A

kausmaul’s

35
Q

decreased respiratory rate and depth

A

hypoventilation

36
Q

overdose of narcotic or anesthesia could cause?

A

hypoventilation

37
Q
  • periods of regular and irregular
  • severe congestive heart failure, drug overdose, intercranial pressure
A

cheyne-stokes

38
Q

this type of pattern is common in elderly people during sleep but is not related to any disease process

A

cheyne-stokes

39
Q

like hyperventilation with crackles because of secretions

A

death rattle

40
Q

irregular pattern with carying depth and rate followed by periods of apnea

A

biot’s respiration

41
Q

crackling sensation caused by subcutaneous emphysema

A

crepitus

42
Q

vibratory sensation in the thoracic area

A

fremitus

43
Q

increased fremitus suggests?

A

lung consolidation

44
Q

decreased fremitus suggests?

A

bronchial obstruction

45
Q

unequal chest expansion suggests?

A

atelectasis

46
Q

type of chest expansion caused by pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pneumonia, collapsed lung

A

unilateral

47
Q

type of chest expansion cause by adavnces lung, fibrosis, airflow obstruction, and musculo-skeletal problems

A

bilateral

48
Q

percussion of the thorax should sound?

A

resonant

49
Q

determines the distance that the lungs occupy when they expand

A

diaphragmatic excursion

50
Q

normal distance of diaphragmatic excursion in a normal adult?

A

3-5 cm

51
Q

normal distance of diaphragmatic excursion in a well conditioned person?

A

7-8 cm

52
Q

true or false: the diaphragm is higher in the right because of the liver

A

true

53
Q
  • soft expiratory sound, low pitch
  • I > E
  • heard on entire lung field
A

vesicular

54
Q
  • intermediate expiratory sound and pitch
  • I = E
  • heard on 1st and 2nd ICS and scapulae
A

brochovesicular

55
Q
  • lound expiratory sound, high pitched
  • E > I
  • heard on manubrium
A

bronchial

56
Q

high pitched, short popping sound heard during inspiration and not cleared with coughing

A

fine crackles

57
Q

crackles occuring late in inspiration suggests?

A

pneumonia, CHF

58
Q

crackles heard early in inspiration suggests?

A

bronchitis, asthma, emphysema

59
Q

low pitched, bubbling, moist sounds that may persist from early inspiration to early expiration

A

coarse crackles

60
Q

like rolling a strand of hair between your fingers near your ear

A

fine crackles

61
Q

described as softly separating velcro

A

coarse crackles

62
Q

low pitched, dry, grating sound, much like crackles, only more superficial and occuring during both inspiration and expiration

A

pleural rub

63
Q

high pitched, musical sounds heard primarily during expiration but may also be heard on inspiration

A

wheeze

64
Q

harsh honking wheeze with severe broncholaryngospasm such as occurs with croup

A

stridor

65
Q

ask the client to repeat the phrase 99 while you auscultate the chest wall

A

bronchophony

66
Q

ask the client to repeat the letter E while you listen over the chest wall

A

egophony

67
Q

ask the client to whisper the phrase 1-2-3 while auscultating the chest wall

A

whispered pectoriloquy

HEALTH ASSESSMENT (7 decks)

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