EARS, MOUTH, THROAT, NOSE, AND SINUSES Flashcards
assessment of the ear consists of 3 parts:
- auditory screening
- inspection and palpation of external ear
- otoscopic assessment
ears should be ___ in size bilaterally ___ cm
equal, 4-10 cm
auricle is aligned with what within a 10 degree angle
corner of the eye
malaligned or lowset ears may be seen with ____
genitourinary disorders or chromosomal defects
a painful auricle and tragus is associated with ___ or ___
otitis externa or postauricular cyst
tenderness over the mastoid process suggests?
mastoiditis
true or false: odorless cerumen is a normal discharge of the ears
true
true or false: cerumen should be sticky and yellow
false: yellow and sticky cerumen suggests foreign bodies
blood or watery damage within the ear suggests?
skull trauma
normal typanic membrane should look like
pearly, gray, shiny, and transluscent
red bulging eardrum, distorted, diminished or absent light reflex
acute otitis media
yellowish bulging membrane with bubbles behind
serous otitis media
bluish or dark red color blood behind the eardrums
skull trauma
white spots on the typanic membrane
scarring from infections
- stand 2 feet behind the patient and whisper a 2 syllable word
- ask the patient to repeat the word
voice-whisper test
- hold the handle of the tuning fork and strike on the palm
- place the stem of the fork against the patient’s forehead, on top the head at the midline
- ask if heard centreally or toward one side
weber’s test
- stand behind of to the side and strike the tuning fork
- place the stem against the right mastoid process to test bone conduction
- ask the patient to tell you when the sound stops
- when sound stops, move the fork with tine facing forward and ask if the sound is still heard
rinne test
what is normal with the rinne test?
air conduction is normally longer than the bone conduction (AC>BC)
bone conduction greater than air conduction
conduction hearing loss
- stand behind or to the side and strike the fork
- place at the tip of the mastoid process and ask if sound is heard
- ask to tell when the sound stops
- when sound stops place the tuning fork on your OWN mastoid process and determine if you can still hear the sound
schwabach test
patient still hears tuning fork after the examiner has already stopped hearing it
prolonged schwabach
the examiner still hears the tuning fork after the patient has already stopped hearing it
shortened schwabach
- ask the patient to stand with feet toegther and arm at sides, eyes open, then eyes closed
- patient should maintain position for 20 seconds without swaying or with minimal swaying
romberg test
normal amount of teeth?
32 teeth, 28 if t4 molars have not yet erupted
normal color and consistency of gums
pink, moist, and firm with tight marging to the tooth
where are wharton’s ducts located?
openings from the submandibular salivary glands on either side of he frenulum on the floor of the mouth
tonsils are hidden behind the tonsillar pillars
1+
tonsils extend to the edges of the tonsillar pillars
2+
tonsils extend beyond the edges of the tonsillar pillars but not to the midline
3+
tonsils extend to the midline and may touch
4+
color of the nose should be?
same as the rest of the face
how to check patency of air flow?
cover one nostril, let the patient breathe out, feel the air on your hands
normal color of nasal mucosa
dark pink
what sinuses should be palpated?
frontal, ethmoid, maxillary
a ___ glow transilluminates the frontal sinuses, indicating normal air-filled sinus
red
