BREAST AND AXILLAE

Question 1

breast discomfort or pain

Answer 1

mastalgia

Question 2

• nipples point outwards
• well toned, supple
• no evidence of sagging

Answer 2

perfect breast

Question 3

• nipples point downwards
• breasts droop

Answer 3

sagging breasts

Question 4

breasts slightly bend inwards above the areola

Answer 4

swooping breast

Question 5

breast with high volume of fatty tissues

Answer 5

large breasts

Question 6

• with very little volume of fatty tissues
• with little cleavage

Answer 6

small breasts

Question 7

• narrow, cylindrical, like eggplants
• 2 brests are far apart

Answer 7

constricted / tubular breast

Question 8

prominent and puffy nipples and areolas

Answer 8

snoopy breasts

Question 9

• severely defromed breasts
• brestbone protrudes forward

Answer 9

pectus carinatum

Question 10

“orange peel” appreacne caused by edema from blocked lymphatic drainage in advanced cancer

Answer 10

paeu d’ orange / pigskin-like

Question 11

what should the venous patterns on a breast normally look like?

Answer 11

radiating towards the axilla or with a lateral flare

Question 12

small tubercles that may be present in the areolas

Answer 12

small montgomery tubercles

Question 13

what are the normal colors of areola?

Answer 13

dark pink to dark brown

Question 14

true or false: redness is a normal color of the areola

Answer 14

false: redness is abnormal and may develop through breastfeeding

Question 15

true or false: nipples should be equal bilaterally in size and are in the same location on each breast

Answer 15

true

Question 16

what may appear along the ebryonic “milk line”?

Answer 16

supernumerary nipples

Question 17

retraction or inversion of nipple or change in the direction

Answer 17

malignancy

Question 18

red, scaly eczema-like over the nipple suggests?

Answer 18

paget disease

Question 19

ENUMERATE THE 4 PALPATION TECHNIQUES OF THE BREAST

Answer 19

• wedge
• circular
• vertical strip
• bimanual palpation

Question 20

which palpation technique is best for large breasts?

Answer 20

bimanual technique

Question 21

endocrine disorder that may induce nipple discharge

Answer 21

galactorrhea

Question 22

what medications may induce nipple discharge?

Answer 22

sedatives, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihypertensives

Question 23

• spontaneous discharge from one nipple only
• benign growth in single milk duct

Answer 23

intraductal papilloma

Question 24

normal findings for lymph nodes in the axillae

Answer 24

none or 1-2 palpable nodes < 1 cm, discrete, non-tender, movable

Question 25

a condition of overdevelopment or enlargement of the breast tissue in men or boys

Answer 25

gynecomastia

Question 26

a condition in which the male breast area has excess adipose (fat) tissue behind, around and under the nipples

Answer 26

pseudogynecomastia

Question 27

when should breast self examination be done?

Answer 27

- once a month after menses (for 20 yrs old above) - any given fixed date (for menopausal women and those who had hysterectomy)

Question 28

surgery to remove the uterus

Answer 28

hysterectomy

Question 29

breast examination by a physician should be done when?

Answer 29

- every 3 years (20-40 yrs old) - annually (over 40)