BREAST AND AXILLAE Flashcards
breast discomfort or pain
mastalgia
- nipples point outwards
- well toned, supple
- no evidence of sagging
perfect breast
- nipples point downwards
- breasts droop
sagging breasts
breasts slightly bend inwards above the areola
swooping breast
breast with high volume of fatty tissues
large breasts
- with very little volume of fatty tissues
- with little cleavage
small breasts
- narrow, cylindrical, like eggplants
- 2 brests are far apart
constricted / tubular breast
prominent and puffy nipples and areolas
snoopy breasts
- severely defromed breasts
- brestbone protrudes forward
pectus carinatum
“orange peel” appreacne caused by edema from blocked lymphatic drainage in advanced cancer
paeu d’ orange / pigskin-like
what should the venous patterns on a breast normally look like?
radiating towards the axilla or with a lateral flare
small tubercles that may be present in the areolas
small montgomery tubercles
what are the normal colors of areola?
dark pink to dark brown
true or false: redness is a normal color of the areola
false: redness is abnormal and may develop through breastfeeding
true or false: nipples should be equal bilaterally in size and are in the same location on each breast
true
what may appear along the ebryonic “milk line”?
supernumerary nipples
retraction or inversion of nipple or change in the direction
malignancy
red, scaly eczema-like over the nipple suggests?
paget disease
ENUMERATE THE 4 PALPATION TECHNIQUES OF THE BREAST
- wedge
- circular
- vertical strip
- bimanual palpation
which palpation technique is best for large breasts?
bimanual technique
endocrine disorder that may induce nipple discharge
galactorrhea
what medications may induce nipple discharge?
sedatives, antidepressants, antipsychotics, antihypertensives
- spontaneous discharge from one nipple only
- benign growth in single milk duct
intraductal papilloma
normal findings for lymph nodes in the axillae
none or 1-2 palpable nodes < 1 cm, discrete, non-tender, movable
a condition of overdevelopment or enlargement of the breast tissue in men or boys
gynecomastia
a condition in which the male breast area has excess adipose (fat) tissue behind, around and under the nipples
pseudogynecomastia
when should breast self examination be done?
- once a month after menses (for 20 yrs old above)
- any given fixed date (for menopausal women and those who had hysterectomy)
surgery to remove the uterus
hysterectomy
breast examination by a physician should be done when?
- every 3 years (20-40 yrs old)
- annually (over 40)
