CARDIOVASCULAR Flashcards

1
Q

what is the location of PMI / mitral area?

A

5th ICS, left MCL

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2
Q

true or false: amplitude of apical impulse is usually small like a gentle tap

A

true

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3
Q

apical pulse may not be palpable if?

A

obese or with large breasts

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4
Q

what happens when heart is enlarged?

A

apical pulse will be displaced

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5
Q

vibrations of the chest / chest board

A

thrills

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6
Q

what are the traditional areas of auscultation?

A

APT-M 2245

  • aortic
  • pulmonic
  • tricuspid
  • mitral
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7
Q

location of aortic area

A

2nd ICS right

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8
Q

location of pulmonic area

A

2nd ICS left

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9
Q

location of erb’s point

A

3rd ICS left

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10
Q

location of tricuspid area

A

4th ICS left

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11
Q

regular heart rate?

A

60-100 bpm

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12
Q

radial and apical pulse should be identical

A

pulse rate deficit

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13
Q

loudest at apex, corresponds with each carotid pulsation

A

S1

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14
Q

loudest at the base, immediately follows after S1

A

S2

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15
Q

split S2 is normal and termed as ___

A

physiologic spilitting

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16
Q
  • aka ventricular gallop
  • physiologic, normal for young adults, athletes, pediatric px, and pregnant women
17
Q
  • result of rapid ventricular filling
  • heard at the beginning of the diastolic pause
  • ken-tu-cky
18
Q
  • aka atrial gallop
  • pathologic, can be heard in people with heart diseases
19
Q
  • heard near the end of diastole
  • results from blood flowing rapidly into the ventrical after atrial contraction
  • ten-nes- see
20
Q
  • a congenital anomaly that leave an open channel between the aorta and pulmonary artery
  • found over the 2nd left ICS, the murmur may radiate to the left clavicle
A

PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)

21
Q
  • classified as a continuous murmur
  • medium pitch, harsh machinery-like sound
  • loudest in late systole, obscures S2, fades in diastole
A

PDA (patent ductus aretriosus)

22
Q
  • when the leaflets of the aortic valve fail to close completely
  • result of blood flowing from the aorta back into the left ventricle
A

aortic regurgiation

23
Q
  • left ventricular volume overload, and ejection sound may be present
  • found in 2nd to 4th left ICS
  • may radiate to the apex or left sternal border
A

aortic regurgitation

24
Q
  • blowing sometimes mistaken for breath sounds
  • heard best with patient sitting or learning forward
A

arotic regurgitation

25
- congenital abnormality in which blood flows from the left ventricle into the right ventricule through a hole in the septum - causes a loud murmur that obscures the A2 sound
VSD (ventricular septal defect)
26
- found in 3rd, 4th, and 5th left ICS - radiation is often wide - very loud, with a thrill, high pitched
VSD (ventricular septal defect)
27
aortic valve narrows and blood cannot flow normally
aortic stenosis
28
- mid-systolic click - incompetent mitral valve; blood returns in the left atrium
MVP (mitral valve prolapse)
29
the ___ vein should not be distended, bulging, or protruding at 45 degrees or greater
jugular
30
abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard over the carotid pulse
bruit
31
pulse grade of the carotid should be?
2+