CARDIOVASCULAR

Question 1

what is the location of PMI / mitral area?

Answer 1

5th ICS, left MCL

Question 2

true or false: amplitude of apical impulse is usually small like a gentle tap

Answer 2

true

Question 3

apical pulse may not be palpable if?

Answer 3

obese or with large breasts

Question 4

what happens when heart is enlarged?

Answer 4

apical pulse will be displaced

Question 5

vibrations of the chest / chest board

Answer 5

thrills

Question 6

what are the traditional areas of auscultation?

Answer 6

APT-M 2245

• aortic
• pulmonic
• tricuspid
• mitral

Question 7

location of aortic area

Answer 7

2nd ICS right

Question 8

location of pulmonic area

Answer 8

2nd ICS left

Question 9

location of erb’s point

Answer 9

3rd ICS left

Question 10

location of tricuspid area

Answer 10

4th ICS left

Question 11

regular heart rate?

Answer 11

60-100 bpm

Question 12

radial and apical pulse should be identical

Answer 12

pulse rate deficit

Question 13

loudest at apex, corresponds with each carotid pulsation

Answer 13

S1

Question 14

loudest at the base, immediately follows after S1

Answer 14

S2

Question 15

split S2 is normal and termed as ___

Answer 15

physiologic spilitting

Question 16

• aka ventricular gallop
• physiologic, normal for young adults, athletes, pediatric px, and pregnant women

Answer 16

S3

Question 17

• result of rapid ventricular filling
• heard at the beginning of the diastolic pause
• ken-tu-cky

Answer 17

S3

Question 18

• aka atrial gallop
• pathologic, can be heard in people with heart diseases

Answer 18

S4

Question 19

• heard near the end of diastole
• results from blood flowing rapidly into the ventrical after atrial contraction
• ten-nes- see

Answer 19

S4

Question 20

• a congenital anomaly that leave an open channel between the aorta and pulmonary artery
• found over the 2nd left ICS, the murmur may radiate to the left clavicle

Answer 20

PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)

Question 21

• classified as a continuous murmur
• medium pitch, harsh machinery-like sound
• loudest in late systole, obscures S2, fades in diastole

Answer 21

PDA (patent ductus aretriosus)

Question 22

• when the leaflets of the aortic valve fail to close completely
• result of blood flowing from the aorta back into the left ventricle

Answer 22

aortic regurgiation

Question 23

• left ventricular volume overload, and ejection sound may be present
• found in 2nd to 4th left ICS
• may radiate to the apex or left sternal border

Answer 23

aortic regurgitation

Question 24

• blowing sometimes mistaken for breath sounds
• heard best with patient sitting or learning forward

Answer 24

arotic regurgitation

Question 25

• congenital abnormality in which blood flows from the left ventricle into the right ventricule through a hole in the septum
• causes a loud murmur that obscures the A2 sound

Answer 25

VSD (ventricular septal defect)

Question 26

• found in 3rd, 4th, and 5th left ICS
• radiation is often wide
• very loud, with a thrill, high pitched

Answer 26

VSD (ventricular septal defect)

Question 27

aortic valve narrows and blood cannot flow normally

Answer 27

aortic stenosis

Question 28

• mid-systolic click
• incompetent mitral valve; blood returns in the left atrium

Answer 28

MVP (mitral valve prolapse)

Question 29

the ___ vein should not be distended, bulging, or protruding at 45 degrees or greater

Answer 29

jugular

Question 30

abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard over the carotid pulse

Answer 30

bruit

Question 31

pulse grade of the carotid should be?

Answer 31

2+