CARDIOVASCULAR Flashcards
what is the location of PMI / mitral area?
5th ICS, left MCL
true or false: amplitude of apical impulse is usually small like a gentle tap
true
apical pulse may not be palpable if?
obese or with large breasts
what happens when heart is enlarged?
apical pulse will be displaced
vibrations of the chest / chest board
thrills
what are the traditional areas of auscultation?
APT-M 2245
- aortic
- pulmonic
- tricuspid
- mitral
location of aortic area
2nd ICS right
location of pulmonic area
2nd ICS left
location of erb’s point
3rd ICS left
location of tricuspid area
4th ICS left
regular heart rate?
60-100 bpm
radial and apical pulse should be identical
pulse rate deficit
loudest at apex, corresponds with each carotid pulsation
S1
loudest at the base, immediately follows after S1
S2
split S2 is normal and termed as ___
physiologic spilitting
- aka ventricular gallop
- physiologic, normal for young adults, athletes, pediatric px, and pregnant women
S3
- result of rapid ventricular filling
- heard at the beginning of the diastolic pause
- ken-tu-cky
S3
- aka atrial gallop
- pathologic, can be heard in people with heart diseases
S4
- heard near the end of diastole
- results from blood flowing rapidly into the ventrical after atrial contraction
- ten-nes- see
S4
- a congenital anomaly that leave an open channel between the aorta and pulmonary artery
- found over the 2nd left ICS, the murmur may radiate to the left clavicle
PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)
- classified as a continuous murmur
- medium pitch, harsh machinery-like sound
- loudest in late systole, obscures S2, fades in diastole
PDA (patent ductus aretriosus)
- when the leaflets of the aortic valve fail to close completely
- result of blood flowing from the aorta back into the left ventricle
aortic regurgiation
- left ventricular volume overload, and ejection sound may be present
- found in 2nd to 4th left ICS
- may radiate to the apex or left sternal border
aortic regurgitation
- blowing sometimes mistaken for breath sounds
- heard best with patient sitting or learning forward
arotic regurgitation
- congenital abnormality in which blood flows from the left ventricle into the right ventricule through a hole in the septum
- causes a loud murmur that obscures the A2 sound
VSD (ventricular septal defect)
- found in 3rd, 4th, and 5th left ICS
- radiation is often wide
- very loud, with a thrill, high pitched
VSD (ventricular septal defect)
aortic valve narrows and blood cannot flow normally
aortic stenosis
- mid-systolic click
- incompetent mitral valve; blood returns in the left atrium
MVP (mitral valve prolapse)
the ___ vein should not be distended, bulging, or protruding at 45 degrees or greater
jugular
abnormal blowing or swishing sound heard over the carotid pulse
bruit
pulse grade of the carotid should be?
2+
