EYES Flashcards
eye assessment should always begin with what test?
visual acuity
what ares does visual acuity test? (3)
optical media, macular area, neural elements
what do you use for distance vision test?
snellen chart
distance of patient from snellen chart?
6 meters / 20 feet
what test may be done to detence errors of refraction during distance vision test?
pinhole test
what are the letters called in the snellen chart?
octotypes
what do you use for near vision test?
jaeger’s chart
test distance in near vision test?
35 mm / 7 inches
jaeger’s chart is usually used on patients aged?
less than 35 years old
refers to how light is reflected in the corneas of the eyes
corneal light reflex
eye turned inward
esotropia
eye turned outward
exotropia
eye turned upward
hypertropia
eye turned downward
hypotropia
refers to constriction of pupil in reaction to light
pupillary light reaction
tests of 6 cardianl directions of gaze, one eye at a time
duction
One muscle group (agonists) must relax to allow another group (antagonists) to contract. This is called reciprocal inhibition
sherrington’s law of reciprocal innervation
- simultaneous movement of eyes from a primary position to a secondary position (6 cardinal)
- test for yoke muscles
version
states that eye muscles or eyelid muscles of each eye are equally innervated
herring’s law of equal innervation
what does OD, OS, OU mean?
OD - right (oculus dexter)
OS - left (oculus sinister)
OU - both (oculus uterque)
- measurement of intraocular pressure
- indirect measure of the aqueous fluid dynamic of the eye
- used in evaluation of glaucoma, ocular inflammation, injuries to the eye from trauma
tonometry
what technique should be used to applied when doing tonometry?
bimanual palpation
- direct inspection of the retina, optic nerve, and choroid
- use of direct opthalmoscope
fundoscopy
a reflective phenomenon seen when light passes through the pupil and is reflected back off the retina to a viewing aperture, creating a reddish orange glow
ROR (red orange reflex)
a bright pinpoint of light that is observed to move sideways or up and down in response to movement of the opthalmoscope
foveal reflex
represents the depression in the optic disc in which neural tissue is absent and is compared to the overall optic disc size
C/D ratio
a small or large C/D ratio may suggest?
glaucoma
