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anatomy > thorax > Flashcards

thorax Flashcards

1
Q

other name for the armpit

A

axillary fossa

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2
Q

what covers the pectorals major

A

pectoral fascia

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3
Q

where is deltoid muscle

A

shoulder

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4
Q

what is the tail of the breast called

A

axillary process

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5
Q

how many ribs do we have

A

12

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6
Q

which ribs articualte with the sternum

A

1-7

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7
Q

which ribs articlate with the cartilage above (costal margin)

A

8-10

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8
Q

which ribs are ‘floating’

A

11-12

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9
Q

which rib does the clavicle lie over

A

rib 1

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10
Q

which ribs costal cartilage articualtes with the sternum

A

rib 2

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11
Q

what are the parts of the sternum superior to inferior

A
  • manubrium
  • sternal angle
  • body
  • xiphoid process
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12
Q

what does costal cartilage do

A

join rib to sternal angle

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13
Q

look at image

A
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14
Q

what is the doorway between thoracic cavity and the neck region

A

superior thoracic aperture

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15
Q

where does the scapula descend across

A

rib 2 to rib 7

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16
Q

parts of the rib

A
  • head
  • neck
  • tubercle
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17
Q

what does the radiate ligament of the rib do

A

joins the head of the rib to two vertebral bodies and the interposed intervertebral disc

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18
Q

what does the superior costotransverse ligament join

A

the crest of the neck of the rib to the transverse process above

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19
Q

what is external intercosal innervated by

A

intercostal nerve

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20
Q

what is main action of external intercostal

A

during forced inspiration: elevates ribs

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21
Q

what is internal intercostal inervated by

A

intercostal nerve

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22
Q

what is main action of internal intercostal muslce

A

during forced respiration: depresses ribs

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23
Q

where is subclavian vein located

A

between rib 1 and clavicle

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24
Q

where does the intnernal thoracic artery arise from

A

subclavian artery

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25
Q

what is major muscle of respiration

A

diaphgragm

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26
Q

what are the muscle involved in active inspiration

A
  • sternoclamastoid
  • desceding trapezius
  • pectoralis minor
  • scalenes
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27
Q

what are the muscles involed in active expiration

A
  • sternoclamastoid
  • descending trapezius
  • scalenes
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28
Q

how many lobes does right lung have

A

3

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29
Q

how is superior lobe separated from middle lobe (right lung)

A

horizontal fissure

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30
Q

how is middle lobe separated from inferior lobe (right lung)

A

oblique fissure

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31
Q

how many lobes does left lung have

A

2

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32
Q

how are lobes separated in left lung

A

oblique fissure

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33
Q

what does the right braciocephalic vein become

A

right subclavian vein

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34
Q

what does the right vagus nerve go over

A

right subclavian artery

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35
Q

what does the superior vena cava split into

A

right brachiocephalic vein

and

left brachiocephalic vein

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36
Q

what is special feature of left lung

A

lingula

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37
Q

what does left braciocephalic vein split into

A

left subclavian vein

and

internal jugular vein

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38
Q

what does the left lung have due to the presence of the heart

A

cardiac notch

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39
Q

where is apex of the heart

A

5th intercostal spcae at the left midclavicualr line

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40
Q

what are the parts of the pharynx superior to inferior

A
  • naso
  • oro
  • laryngo
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41
Q

what is cardiac tamponade

A

heart is comprimised by the fluid outside the heart but inside the pericardial cavity

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42
Q

where is cervical pleura located in lungs

A

top

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43
Q

why is the right lung larger and heavier than the left lung

A

right dome of the diaphragm is higher

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44
Q

what are the 3 surfaces of the lung

A
  • costal
  • mediastinal
  • diaphragmatic
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45
Q

how many bronchi in right lung

A

10

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46
Q

how many segmental bronchi in left

A

8

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47
Q

what are the bronchopulmonary segements called in right lung

A

superior lobe:

  • apical
  • posterior
  • anterior

middle lobe:

  • lateral
  • medial

inferior lobe

  • superior
  • anteiror basal
  • medial basal
  • lateral basal
  • posterior basal
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48
Q

what are the bronchopulmonary segements called in left lung

A

superior lobe

  • apicoposterior
  • anterior
  • superior lingular
  • inferior lingular

inferior lobe

  • anterior basal
  • medial baal
  • lateral basal
  • posterior basal
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49
Q

what does trachae bifurcate into

A
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50
Q

what bronchi is more lateral and wider

A

right

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51
Q

where is apisrated foreign bodies more likely to lodge the right or left bronchi

A

right

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52
Q

what does the right bronchus give off before entering the hilium

A

right superior lobe bronchus

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53
Q

what does right main bronchus give off after entering hilum

A

right middle and inferior lobe bronchi

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54
Q

what does left main bronchus divide into

A

left superior and left inferior lobar bronchi

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55
Q

what bifurcation point of trachea called

A

carina

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56
Q

what condition causes abnormally dilated bronchi

A

bronchiectasis

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57
Q

what does the pulmonary trunk divide into

A

right pulmonary artery

and

left pulmonary artery

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58
Q

what does pulmonary plexus recieve sympathetic and parasympathetic from

A

sympathetic contributions

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59
Q

where does phrenic nerve pass over or under lung

A

over lung

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60
Q

is visceral pleura sensitive to pain

A

no

61
Q

whats most anterior trachea or oesophagus

A

trachea

62
Q

what are the 4 heart valves called

A
  • aortic
  • pulmonary
  • tricuspid
  • mitral
63
Q

what does it mean if percussion is resonant

A

air filled

64
Q

what does it mean if percussion is dull

A
65
Q

what does it mean if percussion is flat sound

A

solid

66
Q

what 2 things join to make the superior vena cava

A

right brachiocephalic vein

and

left brachiocephalic vein

67
Q

what are the 3 things that come off the arch of aorta from right to left

A
  • brachiocephalic trunk
  • left common carotid
  • left subclavian
68
Q

from medial to lateral on right side what is order of arteries, veins, nerves

A
  • right common carotid
  • right vagus nerve
  • right internal jugular vein
  • right phrenic nerve
69
Q

what 2 things make the brachiocephalic vein

A

subclavian vein

and

internal jugular

70
Q

where does the phrenic nerve go to

A

into the diaphragm

71
Q

look at diagram

A
72
Q

where do internal thoracic arteries arise

A

from the subclavian arteries

73
Q

what does the right brachiocephalic vein become

A

superior vena cava

74
Q

what ligament is behind arch of aorta

A

ligamentum arteriosum

75
Q

what loops under arch of aorta

A

left recurrent larygneal nerve

76
Q

where does ligamentum arteriosum pass

A

from the origin of the left pulmonary artery to the arch of the aorta

77
Q

where do the great cardiac veins drain into

A

coronary sinus

78
Q

where do the pulmonary veins enter

A

left atrium

79
Q

where does the superior and inferior vena cava join the heart

A

at the right atrium

80
Q

what layer of pericardium cover the heart

A

epicardium

81
Q

how many great vessels need to be cut to remove the heart from pericardium

A

8

82
Q

what does oesophagus run alongside

A

aorta

83
Q

3 great vessels at top of heart what are they right to left

A
  • superior vena cava
  • aorta
  • pulmonary trunk
84
Q

what is the cycle of blood flow

A
  1. inferior and superior vena cava into right atrium
  2. right ventricle
  3. pulmonary trunk
  4. pulmonary arteries
  5. lungs
  6. pulmonary veins
  7. left atrium
  8. left ventricle
  9. ascending aorta
  10. arch of aorta
  11. thoracic aorta
  12. abdominal aorta
85
Q

where does right coronary artery run

A

in coronary sulcus

86
Q

what does the right coronary artery anastomose with

A

circumflex branch of left coronray artery

87
Q

what supplies the SA node from the right coronary artery

A

right atrial branch

88
Q

what is the main venous drainage vessel of the heart

A

coronary sinus

89
Q

where does the coronary sinus drain

A

into right atrium

90
Q

what does left coronary artery split into

A

circumflex branch

and

LAD

91
Q

what does damage to AV node cause

A

heart block

92
Q

during diastole is pulmonary and aortic valve open or closed

A

closed

93
Q

during diastole are mitral and tricuspid valves open or closed

A

closed

94
Q

during systole are aortic and pulmonary valves open or clsoed

A

open

95
Q

during systole are mitral and tricuspid valves open or closed

A

closed

96
Q

what is stenosis

A

narrowing

the failure of the valve to open properly

97
Q
A
98
Q

what is regurgitation

A

failure of the valve to to close completely

99
Q

what can incomplete closure of oval foarmen cause

A

atrial septal defect

100
Q

what is the entrance to left atrium

A

pulmonary veins

101
Q

what is the exit of left artium

A

mirtal valve

102
Q

exit of left ventricle

A

aortic valve

103
Q

what do the papillary muscles do

A

control the adjacent halves of the mitral valve with. tnedinous cords

104
Q

what are tendinous cord connected to

A

papillary muscles

105
Q

what valves are atrioventricular

A
  • tricuspid
  • mitral
106
Q

what valves are semilunar

A
  • aortic
  • pulmonary
107
Q

what valves have tendinous cords

A
  • tricuspid
  • mitral
108
Q

when do the coronary arteries fill

A

during diastole

109
Q

where is thymus located

A

above ascending aorta

110
Q

what is the first nerve, artery of vein beside trachea

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

111
Q

what does the right vagus give off

A

right recurrent laryngeal nerve

112
Q

where does right recurrent laryngeal go

A

passes medially to reach trachea and oesophagus

113
Q

what pain does aortic aneurysm cause

A

chest pain that radiates to back

114
Q

what does the thymus play an important role in

A

development and maintenance of immune system

115
Q

look at diagram

A
116
Q

is the thymus the most superficial

A

yes

117
Q
A
118
Q

whats more superficial oesophagus or trachea

A

trachea

119
Q

what does right recurrent laryngeal hook under

A

right subclavian artery

120
Q

what does left recurrent laryngeal hook under

A

arch of aorta

121
Q

where is ligamentum arteriosum

A

comess of arch of aorta

122
Q

where does diaphragmatic pain go and why

A

to root of neck and over shoulder

because of C3-5 dermatomes

123
Q

how does oesophagus enter diaphragm

A

through oeosphgeal hiatus

124
Q

what are the anterior relations of oeosphagus superior to inferior

A
  • trachea
  • right and left bronchi
  • inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes
  • pericardium
  • diaphragm
125
Q

what does the arch of the azygous vein go over

A

right main bronchus

126
Q

when a foreign body is swalled where is it most likely to lodge and cause a stricture

A
  • arch of aorta
  • left main bronchus
  • oesphageal hiatus
127
Q

whats bigger trachea or oesophagus

A

trachea

128
Q

where is thyroid gland

A

at top of trachea (kinda)

129
Q

how many branches does thoracic aorta have

A

11

130
Q

what is left and what is right between thoracic aorta and azygous vein

A
  • left = thoracic aorta
  • right = azygous vein
131
Q

what is between thoracic aorta and azygous vein

A

thoracic duct

132
Q

where does thoracic duct enter the venous system

A

at the left internal juglar and subclavian veins

= left venous angle

133
Q

how is the right lympatic duct formed

A

right jugular + subclavian + bronchomediastinal trunks

134
Q

what is the right side of the mediastinum dominated by

A

arch of azygous vein and superior vena cava

right side is blue = deoxygenated

135
Q

are the trachea and oesophagus seen on right side

A

yes

136
Q

where does the right vagus nerve descend

A

over surface of trachea

137
Q

where does right vagus nerve enter

A

oesophageal plexus

138
Q

what is the left side of the mediastinum dominated by

A

arch and descending aorta

mostly red = oxygenated blood

139
Q

is trachea visible

A

no

140
Q

what does the recurrent laryngeal branch off from

A

vagus nerve

141
Q

how is the thoracic sympathetic trunk connected to each intercostal space

A

by rami communicantes

142
Q

how is greater splanchnic nerve formed

A

by fibres from 5th to 10th thoracic sympathetic ganlgia

143
Q

what does azygous vein drain into

A

superior vena cava

144
Q

look at pages 284 to 289 for imaging

A

look at pages 284 to 289 for imaging

145
Q

where is the level of jugular notch

A

T2

146
Q

what is easily fractured during CPR

A

xiphoid process

147
Q

what level is the sternal angle

A

rib 2

148
Q
A

anatomy (16 decks)

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