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anatomy > respiratory > Flashcards

respiratory Flashcards

1
Q

level of sternal angle

A

rib 2

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2
Q

how many ribs

A

12 pairs

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3
Q

which ribs are true

A

1-7

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4
Q

which ribs are false

A

8-10

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5
Q

which ribs are floating

A

11-12

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6
Q

how to the posterior ribs attach to the vertebral column

A

via synovial joints

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7
Q

what are 2 synovial joints

A
  • costovertebral joint

- costotransverse joint

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8
Q

what are intervertebral disc

A

primary cartilaginous joints

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9
Q

what is the intervertebral disc make up

A

inner nucleus pulposus surrounded by annulus fibrosis

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10
Q

what joins intervertebral disc to vertebral column

A

pedicles

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11
Q

what joins vertebrae to spinal process

A

laminae

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12
Q

what level is bifurcation of the trachea

A

T4/5

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13
Q

what is bifurcation of trachea called

A

carina

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14
Q

what bronchus runs more vertically

A

right

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15
Q

where is aspirated food and drink more likely to go

A

right

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16
Q

where does visceral pleura adhere

A

to the lung

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17
Q

where does parietal pleura adhere

A

to the chest wall

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18
Q

what is in-between visceral and parietal pleura

A

pleural cavity

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19
Q

what is pneumothorax

A

whole in visceral pleura

air in pleural sack

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20
Q

what does pulmonary artery carry

A

deoxygenated blood (right heart –> lungs)

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21
Q

what does pulmonary veins carry

A

oxygenated blood (lungs –> left heart)

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22
Q

what are pulmonary capillaries in contact with

A

alveoli for gas exchange

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23
Q

what do bronchial arteries carry

A

oxygenated blood

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24
Q

what does bronchial arteries supply

A
  • bronchi
  • lung roots
  • visceral pleura
25
Q

where do bronchial veins drain

A

to azygous vein (R)

accessory hemiazygous vein (L)

26
Q

what are the 3 types of intercostal muscles

A
  • external
  • internal
  • innermost
27
Q

what is in-between each rib

A

intercostal spaces

28
Q

what runs in the intercostal spaces

A

neurovascular bundle

29
Q

what is the neurovascular bundle made up of superior to inferior

A
  • vein
  • artery
  • nerve
    VAN
30
Q

what are the nerve roots for the phrenic nerve

A

C3,4,5,

31
Q

what does phrenic nerve do

A

relaxation and contraction of diaphragm

32
Q

pneumonic for phrenic nerve

A

C3,4,5 keep the diaphragm alive

33
Q

what happens to diaphragm when it contracts

A

it flattens

34
Q

where do phrenic nerve go

A

over the heart (the left one does)

35
Q

how to gases travel

A

down their pressure gradient

36
Q

what happens to diaphragm when we inspire

A

diaphragm contracts

37
Q

what moves the chest wall

A

intercostal nerve fibres

38
Q

what happens to intrathoracic volume during inspiration

A

it increases

39
Q

what happens to intrathroacic pressure during inspiration

A

decreases so air moves in

40
Q

what happens to diaphragm during expiration

A

relaxes

41
Q

what happens to intrathoracic volume during expiration

A

decreases

42
Q

what happens to intrathoracic pressure during expiration

A

increases so air moves our

43
Q

what drains left lymph

A

thoracic duct

44
Q

where does thoracic duct travel

A

to left venous angle (where it drains into left subclavian)

45
Q

where is the right lymph drained into

A

right lymphatic duct

46
Q

where does right lymphatic duct travel

A

into right venous angle

drains into right subclavian

47
Q

paratracheal lymph nodes where

A

trachea

48
Q

what lymph nodes are found at carina

A

superior trarcheobronchial lymph nodes

49
Q

what lymph nodes just before lung tissue

A

bronchopulmonary lymph nodes

50
Q

what type of joint is coronal suture

A

fibrous joint

51
Q

what type of joint is sternoclavicular

A

saddle-type synovial joint

52
Q

what type of joint is elbow

A

hinge-type synovial joint

53
Q

what type of joint is Interosseous membrane of the forearm

A

fibrous joint

54
Q

what type of synovial joint is pubic symphysis

A

secondary cartilaginous

55
Q

what type of synovial joint is intervertebral disc

A

primary cartilaginous

56
Q

what cell secrete glycosaminoglycans

A

alveolar macrophages

57
Q

what cells secrete mucin

A

goblet cells

58
Q

what do club cells secrete

A

anti-inflammatory substances

cytochromes that detoxify

59
Q

what kind of epithelium is respiratory tract

A

pseudo stratified columnar

anatomy (16 decks)

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