respiratory Flashcards
level of sternal angle
rib 2
how many ribs
12 pairs
which ribs are true
1-7
which ribs are false
8-10
which ribs are floating
11-12
how to the posterior ribs attach to the vertebral column
via synovial joints
what are 2 synovial joints
- costovertebral joint
- costotransverse joint
what are intervertebral disc
primary cartilaginous joints
what is the intervertebral disc make up
inner nucleus pulposus surrounded by annulus fibrosis
what joins intervertebral disc to vertebral column
pedicles
what joins vertebrae to spinal process
laminae
what level is bifurcation of the trachea
T4/5
what is bifurcation of trachea called
carina
what bronchus runs more vertically
right
where is aspirated food and drink more likely to go
right
where does visceral pleura adhere
to the lung
where does parietal pleura adhere
to the chest wall
what is in-between visceral and parietal pleura
pleural cavity
what is pneumothorax
whole in visceral pleura
air in pleural sack
what does pulmonary artery carry
deoxygenated blood (right heart –> lungs)
what does pulmonary veins carry
oxygenated blood (lungs –> left heart)
what are pulmonary capillaries in contact with
alveoli for gas exchange
what do bronchial arteries carry
oxygenated blood
what does bronchial arteries supply
- bronchi
- lung roots
- visceral pleura
where do bronchial veins drain
to azygous vein (R)
accessory hemiazygous vein (L)
what are the 3 types of intercostal muscles
- external
- internal
- innermost
what is in-between each rib
intercostal spaces
what runs in the intercostal spaces
neurovascular bundle
what is the neurovascular bundle made up of superior to inferior
- vein
- artery
- nerve
VAN
what are the nerve roots for the phrenic nerve
C3,4,5,
what does phrenic nerve do
relaxation and contraction of diaphragm
pneumonic for phrenic nerve
C3,4,5 keep the diaphragm alive
what happens to diaphragm when it contracts
it flattens
where do phrenic nerve go
over the heart (the left one does)
how to gases travel
down their pressure gradient
what happens to diaphragm when we inspire
diaphragm contracts
what moves the chest wall
intercostal nerve fibres
what happens to intrathoracic volume during inspiration
it increases
what happens to intrathroacic pressure during inspiration
decreases so air moves in
what happens to diaphragm during expiration
relaxes
what happens to intrathoracic volume during expiration
decreases
what happens to intrathoracic pressure during expiration
increases so air moves our
what drains left lymph
thoracic duct
where does thoracic duct travel
to left venous angle (where it drains into left subclavian)
where is the right lymph drained into
right lymphatic duct
where does right lymphatic duct travel
into right venous angle
drains into right subclavian
paratracheal lymph nodes where
trachea
what lymph nodes are found at carina
superior trarcheobronchial lymph nodes
what lymph nodes just before lung tissue
bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
what type of joint is coronal suture
fibrous joint
what type of joint is sternoclavicular
saddle-type synovial joint
what type of joint is elbow
hinge-type synovial joint
what type of joint is Interosseous membrane of the forearm
fibrous joint
what type of synovial joint is pubic symphysis
secondary cartilaginous
what type of synovial joint is intervertebral disc
primary cartilaginous
what cell secrete glycosaminoglycans
alveolar macrophages
what cells secrete mucin
goblet cells
what do club cells secrete
anti-inflammatory substances
cytochromes that detoxify
what kind of epithelium is respiratory tract
pseudo stratified columnar
