Thorax (5%) + Cardiopulm (4%) Flashcards
What is the shape of the thoracic vertebral foramen?
Circular
What articulates with the superior and inferior demi-facets?
ribs
What articulates with the transverse costal facet?
Tubercle of the ribs
How are true ribs classified?
Ribs 1-7, attach directly to the sternum
What are false ribs?
Ribs 8-10, attach indirectly to the sternum
What are floating ribs?
Ribs 11-12, do not attach to the sternum
What type of cartilage forms costal cartilages?
Hyaline cartilage
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
Synovial joint
What type of joint are costochondral joints?
Cartilaginous joints
What type of joint are sternocostal joints (except the first rib)?
Synovial joints
What ligament stabilizes the costovertebral joint?
Costotransverse ligament
What happens during inspiration?
Ribs move upward and outward, increasing the thoracic diameters
How many lobes does the right lung have?
Three: superior, middle, and inferior
What separates the superior and middle lobes of the right lung?
Transverse fissure
How many lobes does the left lung have?
Two: superior and inferior
What do pulmonary arteries carry?
Deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs
What do pulmonary veins carry?
Oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
What is the function of the pleural cavity?
Reduces friction as the lungs expand and contract
What is the fibrous pericardium?
Tough outer layer anchoring the heart
What is the function of the myocardium?
Responsible for heart contraction
What valve is between the right atrium and right ventricle?
Tricuspid valve
What valve is between the left atrium and left ventricle?
Mitral valve
Where is the SA node located?
Right atrium
What is the function of the AV node?
Delays electrical impulses for atrial contraction
What vessel carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle?
Aorta
What vessel returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium?
Superior and inferior vena cava (SVC and IVC)
Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint is between what muscles
between the sternum and clavicle.
Sternoclavicular (SC) Joint is what kind of joint
Synovial
Costochondral Joints are what kind of joint?
Cartilaginous joints between ribs and costal cartilage.
Sternocostal Joints are what kind of joint
Synovial joints between the sternum and costal cartilage (except the first rib, which is cartilaginous).
Costovertebral Joint: Synovial joint between:
between the rib and vertebra.
Costotransverse Ligament: Stabilizes the:
the rib-to-vertebra connection.
Longitudinal Ligaments:
Anterior: Prevents ____
hyperextension
During Inspiration: Ribs move ___ and ___ in a bucket handle and pump handle motion.
upward and outward
______ Bronchioles: Start of the respiratory zone where gas exchange begins, leading into alveolar sacs.
Respiratory Bronchioles:
Bronchioles: End the ____ zone.
conducting
Serous Pericardium: Includes _____
Includes visceral and parietal layers, containing fluid to reduce friction.
Pulmonary Veins: Return _____ blood from the lungs to the left atrium.
oxygenated blood
Superior and Inferior Vena Cava (SVC and IVC): Return _______ blood to the right atrium from the upper and lower parts of the body.
deoxygenated
Pulmonary Trunk: Splits into right and left pulmonary arteries, sending ________ blood to the lungs.
deoxygenated
