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Anatomy Final > Leg & Ankle & FOOT Final (Ankle 10%, foot 6%) > Flashcards

Leg & Ankle & FOOT Final (Ankle 10%, foot 6%) Flashcards

1
Q

Name the superficial posterior muscles of the leg.

A

Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris.

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2
Q

What are the three compartments of the leg, and what forms these divisions?

A

Anterior, posterior, lateral; formed by the interosseous membrane and intermuscular septa.

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3
Q

What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis.

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4
Q

What nerves supply the lateral compartment of the leg?

A

Common fibular nerve (splits into superficial and deep branches).

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5
Q

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve.

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6
Q

What artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Anterior tibial artery.

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7
Q

What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

A

Tibial nerve.

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8
Q

What is the function of the sural nerve?

A

Provides sensation to the skin.

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9
Q

What are the branches of the popliteal artery?

A

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries.

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10
Q

Which artery supplies the posterior leg?

A

Posterior tibial artery

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11
Q

What are the major superficial veins of the leg?

A

Great and small saphenous veins.

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12
Q

What are the different retinacula in the LOWER leg

A

Flexor retinaculum (medial malleolus to calcaneus, forms tarsal tunnel)

extensor retinacula (superior and inferior Y-shaped bands), fibular retinacula (superior and inferior).

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13
Q

Which retinaculum forms the tarsal tunnel

A

Flexor retinaculum

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14
Q

What is the function of synovial tendon sheaths in the foot?

A

Surround and protect tendons, allowing them to glide smoothly.

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15
Q

Which bone in the leg is the weightbearing bone? (tib or fib)

A

Tibia

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16
Q

PROXIMAL Tibiofibular Joint is what kind of joint

A

A synovial joint

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17
Q

DISTAL Tibiofibular Joint is what kind of joint

A

A syndesmosis joint

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18
Q

What is the Interosseous Membrane?

A

A tough sheet of tissue connecting the tibia and fibula.

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19
Q

Talocrural Joint is what kind of joint:

A

synovial

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20
Q

Talocrural Joint allows which movement?

A

dorsiflexion (lifting the foot) and plantarflexion (pointing the foot).

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21
Q

Subtalar Joint is what kind of joint:

A

synovial joint between the calcaneus and talus.

22
Q

Subtalar Joint does what movement

A

eversion and inversion

23
Q

Subtalar Joint is stabilized by what ligament?

A

Stabilized by the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament.

24
Q

Retinacula: Bands of tissue that ____

A

stabilize tendons.

25
Q

Synovial Tendon Sheaths purpose?

A

Surround and protect tendons as they enter the foot, helping them glide smoothly.

26
Q

Which structure supports the talus?

A

Sustentaculum tali

27
Q

What is the main function of the talus?

A

To connect the foot to the ankle

28
Q

What movements are allowed by the talocrural joint?

A

Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

29
Q

Which ligament connects the tibia to the navicular, calcaneus, and talus on the medial side?

A

Deltoid ligament

30
Q

What is the primary function of the subtalar joint?

A

To allow eversion and inversion

31
Q

Which nerve supplies the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

A

Deep fibular nerve

32
Q

What structure stabilizes tendons at the ankle?

A

Flexor retinaculum

33
Q

What is the role of the sustentaculum tali?

A

To provide a shelf for the talus

34
Q

Which bone is located between the talus and cuneiforms?

A

Navicular

35
Q

How many phalanges does the great toe have?

A

2

36
Q

What are the two main types of arches in the foot?

A

Longitudinal and transverse

37
Q

Which muscles support the arches of the foot?

A

Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior

38
Q

The deltoid ligament is responsible for stabilizing which joint?

Where does it connect?

A

ankle joint

connects the tibia to the navicular, calcaneus, and talus.

39
Q

Which ligament supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

A

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament)

40
Q

Which nerve is responsible for sensation along the lateral border of the foot?

A

Sural nerve

41
Q

The anterior talofibular ligament is most commonly injured during which motion?

A

Inversion of the ankle

42
Q

What is the function of the lateral malleolus?

A

Supports the lateral side of the ankle

43
Q

What is the sustentaculum tali, and where is it located?

A

A shelf-like structure on the calcaneus that supports the talus.

44
Q

Name the three cuneiform bones.

A

Medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms.

45
Q

Which bone is located on the outer side of the foot?

A

Cuboid

46
Q

How many phalanges does each toe have, and which toe is an exception?

A

Three phalanges (proximal, middle, distal); the great toe has only two (proximal and distal).

47
Q

Which joint is referred to as the ankle joint, and what bones does it connect?

A

Talocrural joint; connects the tibia, fibula, and talus.

48
Q

Which joint connects the calcaneus and cuboid bones?

A

Calcaneocuboid joint.

49
Q

Which joints connect the tarsals to the metatarsals?

A

Tarsometatarsal joints.

50
Q

What is the Lisfranc joint?

A

A combination of all intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints.

51
Q
A

Anatomy Final (17 decks)

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