Leg & Ankle & FOOT Final (Ankle 10%, foot 6%) Flashcards
Name the superficial posterior muscles of the leg.
Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris.
What are the three compartments of the leg, and what forms these divisions?
Anterior, posterior, lateral; formed by the interosseous membrane and intermuscular septa.
What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis.
What nerves supply the lateral compartment of the leg?
Common fibular nerve (splits into superficial and deep branches).
What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
Deep fibular nerve.
What artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?
Anterior tibial artery.
What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?
Tibial nerve.
What is the function of the sural nerve?
Provides sensation to the skin.
What are the branches of the popliteal artery?
Anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
Which artery supplies the posterior leg?
Posterior tibial artery
What are the major superficial veins of the leg?
Great and small saphenous veins.
What are the different retinacula in the LOWER leg
Flexor retinaculum (medial malleolus to calcaneus, forms tarsal tunnel)
extensor retinacula (superior and inferior Y-shaped bands), fibular retinacula (superior and inferior).
Which retinaculum forms the tarsal tunnel
Flexor retinaculum
What is the function of synovial tendon sheaths in the foot?
Surround and protect tendons, allowing them to glide smoothly.
Which bone in the leg is the weightbearing bone? (tib or fib)
Tibia
PROXIMAL Tibiofibular Joint is what kind of joint
A synovial joint
DISTAL Tibiofibular Joint is what kind of joint
A syndesmosis joint
What is the Interosseous Membrane?
A tough sheet of tissue connecting the tibia and fibula.
Talocrural Joint is what kind of joint:
synovial
Talocrural Joint allows which movement?
dorsiflexion (lifting the foot) and plantarflexion (pointing the foot).
Subtalar Joint is what kind of joint:
synovial joint between the calcaneus and talus.
Subtalar Joint does what movement
eversion and inversion
Subtalar Joint is stabilized by what ligament?
Stabilized by the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament.
Retinacula: Bands of tissue that ____
stabilize tendons.
Synovial Tendon Sheaths purpose?
Surround and protect tendons as they enter the foot, helping them glide smoothly.
Which structure supports the talus?
Sustentaculum tali
What is the main function of the talus?
To connect the foot to the ankle
What movements are allowed by the talocrural joint?
Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion
Which ligament connects the tibia to the navicular, calcaneus, and talus on the medial side?
Deltoid ligament
What is the primary function of the subtalar joint?
To allow eversion and inversion
Which nerve supplies the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Deep fibular nerve
What structure stabilizes tendons at the ankle?
Flexor retinaculum
What is the role of the sustentaculum tali?
To provide a shelf for the talus
Which bone is located between the talus and cuneiforms?
Navicular
How many phalanges does the great toe have?
2
What are the two main types of arches in the foot?
Longitudinal and transverse
Which muscles support the arches of the foot?
Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior
The deltoid ligament is responsible for stabilizing which joint?
Where does it connect?
ankle joint
connects the tibia to the navicular, calcaneus, and talus.
Which ligament supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?
Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament)
Which nerve is responsible for sensation along the lateral border of the foot?
Sural nerve
The anterior talofibular ligament is most commonly injured during which motion?
Inversion of the ankle
What is the function of the lateral malleolus?
Supports the lateral side of the ankle
What is the sustentaculum tali, and where is it located?
A shelf-like structure on the calcaneus that supports the talus.
Name the three cuneiform bones.
Medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms.
Which bone is located on the outer side of the foot?
Cuboid
How many phalanges does each toe have, and which toe is an exception?
Three phalanges (proximal, middle, distal); the great toe has only two (proximal and distal).
Which joint is referred to as the ankle joint, and what bones does it connect?
Talocrural joint; connects the tibia, fibula, and talus.
Which joint connects the calcaneus and cuboid bones?
Calcaneocuboid joint.
Which joints connect the tarsals to the metatarsals?
Tarsometatarsal joints.
What is the Lisfranc joint?
A combination of all intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints.
