Leg & Ankle & FOOT Final (Ankle 10%, foot 6%)

Question 1

Name the superficial posterior muscles of the leg.

Answer 1

Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris.

Question 2

What are the three compartments of the leg, and what forms these divisions?

Answer 2

Anterior, posterior, lateral; formed by the interosseous membrane and intermuscular septa.

Question 3

What muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 3

Peroneus longus, peroneus brevis.

Question 4

What nerves supply the lateral compartment of the leg?

Answer 4

Common fibular nerve (splits into superficial and deep branches).

Question 5

What nerve supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 5

Deep fibular nerve.

Question 6

What artery supplies the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 6

Anterior tibial artery.

Question 7

What nerve supplies the posterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 7

Tibial nerve.

Question 8

What is the function of the sural nerve?

Answer 8

Provides sensation to the skin.

Question 9

What are the branches of the popliteal artery?

Answer 9

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries.

Question 10

Which artery supplies the posterior leg?

Answer 10

Posterior tibial artery

Question 11

What are the major superficial veins of the leg?

Answer 11

Great and small saphenous veins.

Question 12

What are the different retinacula in the LOWER leg

Answer 12

Flexor retinaculum (medial malleolus to calcaneus, forms tarsal tunnel)

extensor retinacula (superior and inferior Y-shaped bands), fibular retinacula (superior and inferior).

Question 13

Which retinaculum forms the tarsal tunnel

Answer 13

Flexor retinaculum

Question 14

What is the function of synovial tendon sheaths in the foot?

Answer 14

Surround and protect tendons, allowing them to glide smoothly.

Question 15

Which bone in the leg is the weightbearing bone? (tib or fib)

Answer 15

Tibia

Question 16

PROXIMAL Tibiofibular Joint is what kind of joint

Answer 16

A synovial joint

Question 17

DISTAL Tibiofibular Joint is what kind of joint

Answer 17

A syndesmosis joint

Question 18

What is the Interosseous Membrane?

Answer 18

A tough sheet of tissue connecting the tibia and fibula.

Question 19

Talocrural Joint is what kind of joint:

Answer 19

synovial

Question 20

Talocrural Joint allows which movement?

Answer 20

dorsiflexion (lifting the foot) and plantarflexion (pointing the foot).

Question 21

Subtalar Joint is what kind of joint:

Answer 21

synovial joint between the calcaneus and talus.

Question 22

Subtalar Joint does what movement

Answer 22

eversion and inversion

Question 23

Subtalar Joint is stabilized by what ligament?

Answer 23

Stabilized by the interosseous talocalcaneal ligament.

Question 24

Retinacula: Bands of tissue that ____

Answer 24

stabilize tendons.

Question 25

Synovial Tendon Sheaths purpose?

Answer 25

Surround and protect tendons as they enter the foot, helping them glide smoothly.

Question 26

Which structure supports the talus?

Answer 26

Sustentaculum tali

Question 27

What is the main function of the talus?

Answer 27

To connect the foot to the ankle

Question 28

What movements are allowed by the talocrural joint?

Answer 28

Dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

Question 29

Which ligament connects the tibia to the navicular, calcaneus, and talus on the medial side?

Answer 29

Deltoid ligament

Question 30

What is the primary function of the subtalar joint?

Answer 30

To allow eversion and inversion

Question 31

Which nerve supplies the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg?

Answer 31

Deep fibular nerve

Question 32

What structure stabilizes tendons at the ankle?

Answer 32

Flexor retinaculum

Question 33

What is the role of the sustentaculum tali?

Answer 33

To provide a shelf for the talus

Question 34

Which bone is located between the talus and cuneiforms?

Answer 34

Navicular

Question 35

How many phalanges does the great toe have?

Answer 35

2

Question 36

What are the two main types of arches in the foot?

Answer 36

Longitudinal and transverse

Question 37

Which muscles support the arches of the foot?

Answer 37

Tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior

Question 38

The deltoid ligament is responsible for stabilizing which joint? Where does it connect?

Answer 38

ankle joint connects the tibia to the navicular, calcaneus, and talus.

Question 39

Which ligament supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?

Answer 39

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament (spring ligament)

Question 40

Which nerve is responsible for sensation along the lateral border of the foot?

Answer 40

Sural nerve

Question 41

The anterior talofibular ligament is most commonly injured during which motion?

Answer 41

Inversion of the ankle

Question 42

What is the function of the lateral malleolus?

Answer 42

Supports the lateral side of the ankle

Question 43

What is the sustentaculum tali, and where is it located?

Answer 43

A shelf-like structure on the calcaneus that supports the talus.

Question 44

Name the three cuneiform bones.

Answer 44

Medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms.

Question 45

Which bone is located on the outer side of the foot?

Answer 45

Cuboid

Question 46

How many phalanges does each toe have, and which toe is an exception?

Answer 46

Three phalanges (proximal, middle, distal); the great toe has only two (proximal and distal).

Question 47

Which joint is referred to as the ankle joint, and what bones does it connect?

Answer 47

Talocrural joint; connects the tibia, fibula, and talus.

Question 48

Which joint connects the calcaneus and cuboid bones?

Answer 48

Calcaneocuboid joint.

Question 49

Which joints connect the tarsals to the metatarsals?

Answer 49

Tarsometatarsal joints.

Question 50

What is the Lisfranc joint?

Answer 50

A combination of all intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints.