Neck/Cervical Final (6%)

Question 1

What are the unique characteristics of cervical vertebrae (C3-C7)?

Answer 1

Transverse foramina, bifid spinous processes, intervertebral discs

Question 2

What passes through the transverse foramina?

Answer 2

Vertebral artery

Question 3

What is unique about the Atlas (C1)?

Answer 3

No body, articulates with occipital condyles, supports the skull

Question 4

What is unique about the Axis (C2)?

Answer 4

Contains the dens, enabling pivot and rotation of the head

Question 5

Is there an intervertebral disc between C1 and C2?

Answer 5

no

Question 6

What type of joint are the facet joints?

Answer 6

Synovial joints lined with hyaline cartilage

Question 7

What is the function of intervertebral discs in the cervical spine?

Answer 7

Absorb shock

Question 8

What movement does the Atlanto-Occipital Joint allow?

Answer 8

Flexion and extension of the head (e.g., nodding)

Question 9

What type of joint is the Atlanto-Axial Joint?

Answer 9

Synovial joint

Question 10

Which ligament prevents hyperextension of the cervical spine?

Answer 10

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Question 11

Which ligament prevents hyperflexion of the cervical spine?

Answer 11

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Question 12

What is the function of the Ligamentum Nuchae?

Answer 12

Supports neck muscles and maintains head posture

Question 13

Which ligaments provide rotational stability in the cervical spine?

Answer 13

Cruciform and Alar Ligaments

Question 14

What does the subclavian artery supply?

Answer 14

Blood to the arms and head

Question 15

What are the two branches of the common carotid artery?

Answer 15

Internal and external carotid arteries

Question 16

What does the vertebral artery supply?

Answer 16

brain

Question 17

Which cranial nerve provides parasympathetic control to organs?

Answer 17

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 18

What is the role of the phrenic nerve?

Answer 18

Innervates the diaphragm, crucial for breathing

Question 19

Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

Answer 19

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 20

What is the significance of the brachial plexus?

Answer 20

Supplies nerves to the arm, originating from the neck

Question 21

What structures can be damaged during whiplash injuries?

Answer 21

Cruciform and Alar Ligaments

Question 22

What is the sympathetic trunk, and what does it control?

Answer 22

Extensions from the sympathetic nervous system, controlling blood vessels, sweat glands, pupil dilation, and heart rate