Lumbar Spine Final (8%)

Question 1

What type of joint is a facet joint?

Answer 1

Synovial joint

Question 1

What type of joint is the intervertebral disc?

Answer 1

Cartilaginous symphysis joint

Question 2

What tissue composes the annulus fibrosus?

Answer 2

Dense fibrous tissue

Question 3

annulus fibrosus allows for what?

Answer 3

allows compression. X pattern, able to compress

Question 4

What is the function of the nucleus pulposus?

Answer 4

Semi-gelatinous, high water content, shifts position under compression. Does not compress. Becomes thinner under compressive forces

Question 5

What does the anterior longitudinal ligament prevent?

Answer 5

Hyperextension

Question 6

What does the posterior longitudinal ligament prevent?

Answer 6

Hyperflexion

Question 7

At what angle are lumbar facet joints oriented?

Answer 7

90 degrees

Question 8

What are the primary spinal curves?

Answer 8

Thoracic and sacral

Question 9

What are the secondary spinal curves?

Answer 9

Cervical and lumbar

Question 10

What is the origin and insertion of the iliocostalis muscle?

Answer 10

O: Posterior iliac crest, sacrum, lumbar vertebrae
I: Angles of lower ribs

Question 11

What is the action of the multifidus muscle?

Answer 11

Stabilizes, extends, and rotates the spine

Question 12

What is the action of the longissimus muscle?

Answer 12

Extends and laterally bends the vertebral column

Question 13

What is the origin of the rotatores muscles?

Answer 13

Transverse processes of lumbar regions

Question 14

What is the insertion of the rotatores muscles?

Answer 14

Lamina and spinous process of spine above, spanning one or two segments

Question 15

What is the distal cone-shaped end of the spinal cord called?

Answer 15

Conus medullaris

Question 16

What are the spinal meninges?

Answer 16

Dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater

Question 17

What is the filum terminale?

Answer 17

Connective tissue anchoring the spinal cord distally to the coccyx

Question 18

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 18

31

Question 19

Which roots contain motor fibers?

Answer 19

Ventral (anterior) roots

Question 20

Which roots contain sensory fibers?

Answer 20

Dorsal (posterior) roots

Question 21

What does the lumbar plexus innervate?

Answer 21

Gluteal region and posterior thigh

Question 22

What nerves arise from the sacral plexus?

Answer 22

Sciatic nerve, gluteal nerve, pudendal nerve

Question 23

Primary curves are:

Answer 23

Presents at birth & Kyphotic

Question 24

Secondary Curves are:

Answer 24

Develop from movement against gravity
Concave posteriorly (lordotic)

Question 25

Cauda equina:

Answer 25

nerve roots beyond the end of spinal cord

Question 26

Distal end of the cord is cone shaped:

Answer 26

conus medullaris