Thorax Flashcards
difference between vertebrocostal and vertebrochondral ribs?
costal attach to sternum, chondral dont
Typical ribs and their properties (4)
3-9
wedge-shaped head with two facets
one facet with corresponding vertebra
other facet articulates with vertebrae superior to it
neck
tubercle at junction of neck and shaft with articular facet and non-articular part
The shaft - costal groove for intercostal nerve and vessels
atypical ribs are
1, 2, 10-12
first rib
single facet
wide horizontal shaft
scalene tubercle
grooves for subclavian vein and artery
second rib
two factes t1 and t2
10-12 ribs
only a single facet
ribs 11 to 12
no necks or tubercles
what is pectus excavatum
sunken or funnel chest; congenital, abnormal growth
pectus carinatum
breast brone and rib cartilage deformity that causes chest to bow outward. defect in tough connective tissue that hold rib to breastbone.
what are costovertebral joints
rib head art with superior demifacet of same no vertebrea and with inferior demifacet of vert above
(Rib and vertebra)
kind of joint sternoclavicular joint
synovial
reference lines 8
t2 jugular notch t4 angle of loiuis t9 xiphisternal joint t10 umbilical midcalvicular line: align with nipple lateral sternal line: either side midsternal line: down middle t5-t6, mitral valve, at midclavicular
three kinds of joints of thoracic wall?
costovertebral
joints of heads of ribs
constotransverse
what is a joint of head of rib
radiate ligament: head of rib to 2 vertebral bodies and intervetebral disk
costotransverse joints
synovial transverse process costo lig: anterior TP lateral: tubercle superior: tp of vertebra superior
movement of joints
costochondral: no movement
sternocostal: 1st rib, and 2 to 7, move during respiration
constotransverse: 1-7 rotate, 8-10 glide, increase anteriorposterior diameter
heads of ribs: joint 1-10 gliding motion (lateral and up, medial and down (increase transverse diameter of thorax)
interchondral joints
6-10
6-9 synovial
9-19 fibrous
infrasternal angle
between ribs and xiphoid process
2 diameters of thorax
transverse and centeroposterior
muscles of thoracic wall
external intercostals (membrane to sternum)
internal intercostals
innermost intercostals
subcostalis
transversus thoracis
levatores costarum (elevate the rib (TP T1-T11)
layers of intercostal space
external intercostal internal intercostal neurovascular bunder -VAN innermost intercostal endothoracic fascia parietal pleura
thoracocentesis
analysis or drainage of pleural effusion
muscles of inspiration (4)
sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
external intercostals
diaphragm
muscles of expiration 5
internal intercostals external oblique internal oblique rectus abdomninis transversus abdominis
arteries of thoracic wall
thoracic aorta -posterior intercostal and subcostal subclavian -costocervical trunk --supreme intercostal -and internal thoracic -anterior intercostal internal thoracic -musculophrenic --anterior intercostal -axillary --lateral thoracic a --superior thoracic
veins of thoracic wall
drain into azygous venous system
thoracic nerves
posterior ramus anterior ramus -T1-2 brachial plexus T3-11 intercostal T12 subcostal
