Thorax

Question 1

difference between vertebrocostal and vertebrochondral ribs?

Answer 1

costal attach to sternum, chondral dont

Question 2

Typical ribs and their properties (4)

Answer 2

3-9
wedge-shaped head with two facets
one facet with corresponding vertebra
other facet articulates with vertebrae superior to it
neck
tubercle at junction of neck and shaft with articular facet and non-articular part
The shaft - costal groove for intercostal nerve and vessels

Question 3

atypical ribs are

Answer 3

1, 2, 10-12

Question 4

first rib

Answer 4

single facet
wide horizontal shaft
scalene tubercle
grooves for subclavian vein and artery

Question 5

second rib

Answer 5

two factes t1 and t2

Question 6

10-12 ribs

Answer 6

only a single facet

Question 7

ribs 11 to 12

Answer 7

no necks or tubercles

Question 8

what is pectus excavatum

Answer 8

sunken or funnel chest; congenital, abnormal growth

Question 9

pectus carinatum

Answer 9

breast brone and rib cartilage deformity that causes chest to bow outward. defect in tough connective tissue that hold rib to breastbone.

Question 10

what are costovertebral joints

Answer 10

rib head art with superior demifacet of same no vertebrea and with inferior demifacet of vert above
(Rib and vertebra)

Question 11

kind of joint sternoclavicular joint

Answer 11

synovial

Question 12

reference lines 8

Answer 12

t2 jugular notch
t4 angle of loiuis
t9 xiphisternal joint
t10 umbilical
midcalvicular line: align with nipple
lateral sternal line: either side
midsternal line: down middle
t5-t6, mitral valve, at midclavicular

Question 13

three kinds of joints of thoracic wall?

Answer 13

costovertebral
joints of heads of ribs
constotransverse

Question 14

what is a joint of head of rib

Answer 14

radiate ligament: head of rib to 2 vertebral bodies and intervetebral disk

Question 15

costotransverse joints

Answer 15

synovial
transverse process
costo lig: anterior TP
lateral: tubercle
superior: tp of vertebra superior

Question 16

movement of joints

Answer 16

costochondral: no movement
sternocostal: 1st rib, and 2 to 7, move during respiration
constotransverse: 1-7 rotate, 8-10 glide, increase anteriorposterior diameter
heads of ribs: joint 1-10 gliding motion (lateral and up, medial and down (increase transverse diameter of thorax)

Question 17

interchondral joints

Answer 17

6-10
6-9 synovial
9-19 fibrous

Question 18

infrasternal angle

Answer 18

between ribs and xiphoid process

Question 19

2 diameters of thorax

Answer 19

transverse and centeroposterior

Question 20

muscles of thoracic wall

Answer 20

external intercostals (membrane to sternum)
internal intercostals
innermost intercostals
subcostalis
transversus thoracis
levatores costarum (elevate the rib (TP T1-T11)

Question 21

layers of intercostal space

Answer 21

external intercostal
internal intercostal
neurovascular bunder
-VAN
innermost intercostal
endothoracic fascia
parietal pleura

Question 22

thoracocentesis

Answer 22

analysis or drainage of pleural effusion

Question 23

muscles of inspiration (4)

Answer 23

sternocleidomastoid
scalenes
external intercostals
diaphragm

Question 24

muscles of expiration 5

Answer 24

internal intercostals
external oblique
internal oblique
rectus abdomninis
transversus abdominis

Question 25

arteries of thoracic wall

Answer 25

``` thoracic aorta -posterior intercostal and subcostal subclavian -costocervical trunk --supreme intercostal -and internal thoracic -anterior intercostal internal thoracic -musculophrenic --anterior intercostal -axillary --lateral thoracic a --superior thoracic ```

Question 26

veins of thoracic wall

Answer 26

drain into azygous venous system

Question 27

thoracic nerves

Answer 27

``` posterior ramus anterior ramus -T1-2 brachial plexus T3-11 intercostal T12 subcostal ```