Leg region Flashcards
tibia articulates with
femur at knee joint; talus at ankle joint; fibular at tibiofibular articulation (top) and tibiofibular syndesmosis (bottom)
tibia proximal extremity structures
medial and lateral condyles; tibial tuberosity
tibia distal extremity structures
medial malleolus, fibular notch, media malleolar sulcus
fibula structures
head, shaft, lateral malleolus
fibula articulates with
tibio at tibiofibular syndesmosis and tibiofibular articulation; talus at ankle joints
fibular proximal extremity structures
apex or styloid process
fibular distal extremity structures
articular facet for talus; malleolar fossa; lateral malleolar sulcus
anatomically foot consists of:
tarsus, metatarsus, phalanges, sesamoids
tarsus is made up of
calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and three cuneiforms
where are sesamoids located on foot?
medial and lateral sesamoids located in tendons of flexor hallucis brevis inferior to the first metatarsal head
tibiofibular articulation or joint made of
synovial joint formed by head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
interosseous membrane made of
attaches to shaft of tibia and shaft of fibula
interosseous membrane serves as
origin for some of the leg muscles; separates anterior compartment from deep posterior compartment of leg
tibiofibular syndesmosis formed by
fibular notch on the distal extremity of the tibia and the distal aspect of the shaft of the fibula
extrinsic foot muscle
originate outside of the foot and insert in the foot
tendons passing anterior to ankle joint axis are
dorsiflexors
tendons passing posterior to ankle joint axis are
plantarflexors
muscles in anterior compartment of leg
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hollicis longus
fibularis tertius
function of anterior compartment of leg
dorsiflexion of foot for toe clearance during swing phase and prevention of foot slap at heel strike
muscles of lateral compartment of leg
fibularis longus and fibularis brevis
primary function of lateral compartment
pronation and plantarflexion of foot during gait
what innervates the lateral compartment of leg
superficial branch of fibular nerve
muscles of posterior compartment of leg muscles
superficial group:
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
deep group:
popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
primary function of deep group of posterior compartment
plantarflexion and supination of the foot (except popliteus)
which anterior muscle of leg does not originate at medial surface of shaft of fibula?
tibialis anterior. it originaltes from lateral surface of shaft of tibia.
what innervates the anterior compartment of leg muscles?
deep fibular nerve
where does tibialis anterior insert?
medial cuneiform and first metatarsal base
where does extensor hallucis longus insert?
distal phalanx of hallux
where does extensor digitorum longus insert?
middle and distal phalanges of lesser digits
where does fibularis tertius insert?
dorsum of fifth metatarsal base
What do all anterior muscles do?
dorsiflex the foot
what does tibialis anterior do in addition to dorsiflex foot?
inverts foot
what does extensor hallucis longus do besides dorsiflex the foot?
dorsiflexes the hallux
what does extensor digitorum longus do besides dorsiflex foot?
dorsiflexes lesser digits of foot
where do muscles of lateral compartment originate?
lateral surface of shaft of fibula
what do lateral muscles do?
plantarflex and pronate foot
where does fibularis longus insert
medial cuneiform and first metatarsal base
where does fibularis brevis insert
tuberosity of fifth metatarsal base
what innervates the posterior compartment of leg muscles?
tibial nerve
where does gastrocnemius originate? insert?
medial head - medial condyle of femur
lateral head - lateral condyle of femur
insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus via tendon calcaneus
where does soleus originate and insert?
origin: posterior surface of shaft of tibia and fibula
insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus via tendon of calcaneus
what posterior muscle does not insert into calcaneus via tendon of calcaneus?
plantaris. inserts in posterior surface of calcaneus
where does plantaris originate?
lateral condyle of femur
which posterior muscle flexes in addition to plantarflexing the foot?
gastrocnemius
origin and insertion of popliteus
o: posterior surface of shaft of tibia
i: lateral epicondyle of femur
origin and insertion of flexor digitorum longus
o: posterior surface of shaft of tibia
i: distal phalanges of the lesser digits
origin and insertion of tibialis posterior
o: posterior surface of shaft of tibia; posterior surface of shaft of fibula
i: tuberosity of the navicular
origin and insertion of flexor hallucis longus
o: posterior surface of shaft of tibia
i: distal phalanx of hallus
action of popliteus
unlocks knee joint at beginning of flexion
which posterior muscle does not plantarflex the foot?
the popliteus
what does f. digitorum longus do besides ptf?
plantarflexes the distal digits
what does f hallucis longus do besides ptf?
plantarflexes the hallux
what does tibialis posterior do besides ptf?
supinates the foot
what are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
laterally and inferiorly: lateral head of gastrocnemius
Medially and inferiorly: medial head of gastrocnemius
laterally and superiorly: biceps femoris
medially and superiorly: semitendisosus and semimenbranosus
What are the contents of the popliteal artery?
popliteal artery and vein and their genicular branches tibial and common fibular nerves popliteal lymph nodes termination of the small saphenous vein fatty tissue
superficial veins of leg region flow into
great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein
where is great saphenous vein?
medial. small is posterior
what does popliteal artery vascularize? what are its major branches?
knee region
major branches are sural arteries (behind knee)
genicular arteries (calf
anterior tibial artery: midleg, only lateral branch
posterior tibial artery: most distal
branches of anterior tibial artery
anterior tibial recurrant artery (right under knee cap)
anterior medial malleolar artery
anterior lateral malleolar artery
branches of posterior tibial artery
fibular artery
posterior medial malleolar artery
medial calcaneal
medial and laterar plantar arteries
major branches of fibular artery
perforating artery
posterior lateral malleolar artery
lateral calcaneal
what dermatomes are involved in cutaneous innervation of leg region?
L4, L5, S1, and S2
cutaneous nerves involved in cutaneous innervation of leg region
saphenous, superficial fibular, lateral sural cutaneous, medial cutaneous, sural
what muscles does deep fibular nerve innervate?
anterior compartment: tibialis anterior extensor digitorum longus extensor hallucis longus fibularis tertius
what muscles does tibial nerve innervate?
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
L1
lliohypogastric; ilioinguinal
L2
genitofemoral, obturator
L3
lateral femoral cutaneous; femoral
L4
femoral; lumbosacral trunk
L5
lumbosacral trunk
