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anatomy > Leg region > Flashcards

Leg region Flashcards

1
Q

tibia articulates with

A

femur at knee joint; talus at ankle joint; fibular at tibiofibular articulation (top) and tibiofibular syndesmosis (bottom)

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2
Q

tibia proximal extremity structures

A

medial and lateral condyles; tibial tuberosity

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3
Q

tibia distal extremity structures

A

medial malleolus, fibular notch, media malleolar sulcus

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4
Q

fibula structures

A

head, shaft, lateral malleolus

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5
Q

fibula articulates with

A

tibio at tibiofibular syndesmosis and tibiofibular articulation; talus at ankle joints

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6
Q

fibular proximal extremity structures

A

apex or styloid process

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7
Q

fibular distal extremity structures

A

articular facet for talus; malleolar fossa; lateral malleolar sulcus

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8
Q

anatomically foot consists of:

A

tarsus, metatarsus, phalanges, sesamoids

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9
Q

tarsus is made up of

A

calcaneus, talus, cuboid, navicular, and three cuneiforms

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10
Q

where are sesamoids located on foot?

A

medial and lateral sesamoids located in tendons of flexor hallucis brevis inferior to the first metatarsal head

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11
Q

tibiofibular articulation or joint made of

A

synovial joint formed by head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia

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12
Q

interosseous membrane made of

A

attaches to shaft of tibia and shaft of fibula

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13
Q

interosseous membrane serves as

A

origin for some of the leg muscles; separates anterior compartment from deep posterior compartment of leg

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14
Q

tibiofibular syndesmosis formed by

A

fibular notch on the distal extremity of the tibia and the distal aspect of the shaft of the fibula

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15
Q

extrinsic foot muscle

A

originate outside of the foot and insert in the foot

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16
Q

tendons passing anterior to ankle joint axis are

A

dorsiflexors

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17
Q

tendons passing posterior to ankle joint axis are

A

plantarflexors

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18
Q

muscles in anterior compartment of leg

A

tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hollicis longus
fibularis tertius

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19
Q

function of anterior compartment of leg

A

dorsiflexion of foot for toe clearance during swing phase and prevention of foot slap at heel strike

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20
Q

muscles of lateral compartment of leg

A

fibularis longus and fibularis brevis

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21
Q

primary function of lateral compartment

A

pronation and plantarflexion of foot during gait

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22
Q

what innervates the lateral compartment of leg

A

superficial branch of fibular nerve

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23
Q

muscles of posterior compartment of leg muscles

A

superficial group:
gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
deep group:
popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

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24
Q

primary function of deep group of posterior compartment

A

plantarflexion and supination of the foot (except popliteus)

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25
Q

which anterior muscle of leg does not originate at medial surface of shaft of fibula?

A

tibialis anterior. it originaltes from lateral surface of shaft of tibia.

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26
Q

what innervates the anterior compartment of leg muscles?

A

deep fibular nerve

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27
Q

where does tibialis anterior insert?

A

medial cuneiform and first metatarsal base

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28
Q

where does extensor hallucis longus insert?

A

distal phalanx of hallux

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29
Q

where does extensor digitorum longus insert?

A

middle and distal phalanges of lesser digits

30
Q

where does fibularis tertius insert?

A

dorsum of fifth metatarsal base

31
Q

What do all anterior muscles do?

A

dorsiflex the foot

32
Q

what does tibialis anterior do in addition to dorsiflex foot?

A

inverts foot

33
Q

what does extensor hallucis longus do besides dorsiflex the foot?

A

dorsiflexes the hallux

34
Q

what does extensor digitorum longus do besides dorsiflex foot?

A

dorsiflexes lesser digits of foot

35
Q

where do muscles of lateral compartment originate?

A

lateral surface of shaft of fibula

36
Q

what do lateral muscles do?

A

plantarflex and pronate foot

37
Q

where does fibularis longus insert

A

medial cuneiform and first metatarsal base

38
Q

where does fibularis brevis insert

A

tuberosity of fifth metatarsal base

39
Q

what innervates the posterior compartment of leg muscles?

A

tibial nerve

40
Q

where does gastrocnemius originate? insert?

A

medial head - medial condyle of femur
lateral head - lateral condyle of femur
insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus via tendon calcaneus

41
Q

where does soleus originate and insert?

A

origin: posterior surface of shaft of tibia and fibula
insertion: posterior surface of calcaneus via tendon of calcaneus

42
Q

what posterior muscle does not insert into calcaneus via tendon of calcaneus?

A

plantaris. inserts in posterior surface of calcaneus

43
Q

where does plantaris originate?

A

lateral condyle of femur

44
Q

which posterior muscle flexes in addition to plantarflexing the foot?

A

gastrocnemius

45
Q

origin and insertion of popliteus

A

o: posterior surface of shaft of tibia
i: lateral epicondyle of femur

46
Q

origin and insertion of flexor digitorum longus

A

o: posterior surface of shaft of tibia
i: distal phalanges of the lesser digits

47
Q

origin and insertion of tibialis posterior

A

o: posterior surface of shaft of tibia; posterior surface of shaft of fibula
i: tuberosity of the navicular

48
Q

origin and insertion of flexor hallucis longus

A

o: posterior surface of shaft of tibia
i: distal phalanx of hallus

49
Q

action of popliteus

A

unlocks knee joint at beginning of flexion

50
Q

which posterior muscle does not plantarflex the foot?

A

the popliteus

51
Q

what does f. digitorum longus do besides ptf?

A

plantarflexes the distal digits

52
Q

what does f hallucis longus do besides ptf?

A

plantarflexes the hallux

53
Q

what does tibialis posterior do besides ptf?

A

supinates the foot

54
Q

what are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

A

laterally and inferiorly: lateral head of gastrocnemius
Medially and inferiorly: medial head of gastrocnemius
laterally and superiorly: biceps femoris
medially and superiorly: semitendisosus and semimenbranosus

55
Q

What are the contents of the popliteal artery?

A 
popliteal artery and vein and their genicular branches
tibial and common fibular nerves
popliteal lymph nodes
termination of the small saphenous vein
fatty tissue
56
Q

superficial veins of leg region flow into

A

great saphenous vein and small saphenous vein

57
Q

where is great saphenous vein?

A

medial. small is posterior

58
Q

what does popliteal artery vascularize? what are its major branches?

A

knee region
major branches are sural arteries (behind knee)
genicular arteries (calf
anterior tibial artery: midleg, only lateral branch
posterior tibial artery: most distal

59
Q

branches of anterior tibial artery

A

anterior tibial recurrant artery (right under knee cap)
anterior medial malleolar artery
anterior lateral malleolar artery

60
Q

branches of posterior tibial artery

A

fibular artery
posterior medial malleolar artery
medial calcaneal
medial and laterar plantar arteries

61
Q

major branches of fibular artery

A

perforating artery
posterior lateral malleolar artery
lateral calcaneal

62
Q

what dermatomes are involved in cutaneous innervation of leg region?

A

L4, L5, S1, and S2

63
Q

cutaneous nerves involved in cutaneous innervation of leg region

A

saphenous, superficial fibular, lateral sural cutaneous, medial cutaneous, sural

64
Q

what muscles does deep fibular nerve innervate?

A 
anterior compartment:
tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus
extensor hallucis longus
fibularis tertius
65
Q

what muscles does tibial nerve innervate?

A

gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior

66
Q

L1

A

lliohypogastric; ilioinguinal

67
Q

L2

A

genitofemoral, obturator

68
Q

L3

A

lateral femoral cutaneous; femoral

69
Q

L4

A

femoral; lumbosacral trunk

70
Q

L5

A

lumbosacral trunk

anatomy (12 decks)

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