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anatomy > foot > Flashcards

foot Flashcards

1
Q

medial biomechanical portion of foot

A 
calcaneus
talus
navicular
three cuneiforms
first , second and third metatarsals with respective phalalnges, constant sesamoirs
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2
Q

lateral biomechanical portion of foot

A

calcaneus, cuboid, fourth and fifth metatarsals with respective phalanges

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3
Q

surgical divisions of foot

A

forefoot (anterior unit): metarsals, phalanges and sesamoids
midfoot (middle unit or lesser tarsus): navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiforms
rearfoot (posterior unit, hindfoot or greater tarsus): calcaneus and talus

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4
Q

what is midtarsal joint

A

joint betwen rearfoot and midfoot (transverse tarsal joint or chopart’s joint)

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5
Q

lisfranc’s joint

A

joint between forefoot and midfoot (tarsometatarsal joint))

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6
Q

two types of accessory bones

A

ossicles; sesamoids

ossicles: result of anomalous dev or ossification patterns
sesamoids: in tendons, reduce friction

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7
Q

what forms ankle synovial joint

A

malleolar fork or ankle mortice articulating with body of talus

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8
Q

ankle mortice made of

A

lateral surface of medial malleolus
inferior surface of distal extremity of tibia
medial surface of lateral malleolus

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9
Q

talar dome

A

body of talus: articulates with ankle mortice at medial, superior and lateral surfaces

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10
Q

major ligaments of ankle joint are

A

articular capsule, lateral ankle ligaments, medial ankle ligaments or deltoid ligament

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11
Q

lateral ankle ligaments

A

anterior talofibular
posterior talofibular
calcaneofibular

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12
Q

deltoid ligament

A

superficial deltoid: tibionavicular, calcaneotibial and posterior talotibial
deep deltoid: anterior talotibial

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13
Q

subtalar joint is formed by

A

three articular ares on the talus articulating with the corresponding areas on the calcaneus

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14
Q

why is subtalar joint motion important

A

supination and pronation of foot

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15
Q

what are major ligaments of subtalar joint

A

anterior talocalcaneal; interosseous talocalcaneal

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16
Q

what two joints make the midtarsal joint or transverse tarsal joint?

A

talonavicular and calcaneocuboid joints

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17
Q

why is midtarsal joint motion important

A

in supination and pronation of foot

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18
Q

major ligaments of midtarsal joint

A

spring, bifurcate, short and long plantar

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19
Q

what arches exist in foot

A

transverse and longitudinal

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20
Q

longitudinal arch

A

posterior base is the tuberosity of calc., anterior base is metatarsal heads and sesamoids
body formed by metatarsal and tarsal bones with the talus being the keystone or highest point
lateral part or rigid component is flatter and composed of the calcaneus, cuboid, lateral two metatarsals and their phalanges

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21
Q

transverse arch

A

cuboid, cuneis, and bases of metatarsals from transverse arch. highest point of arch lies at second cuneiform and base of second metatarsal.

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22
Q

what is knot of Henry

A

fibrous cord that connected tendon of flexor hallucis longus to tendon of FDL

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23
Q

muscles inn dorsum of foot

A

extensor hallucis brevis and extensor digitorum brevis

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24
Q

where do dorsum muscles origionate

A

calcaneus

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25
Q

where does EHB insert; action?

A

bone of prox phalanx of hallux

dorsiflex proximal phalanx

26
Q

EDB inserrtion and action

A

lateral side of 2, 3 and 4 tendons of EDL

dorsiflex phalanges 2, 3, 4

27
Q

innervation of EHB and EDB

A

deep fibular nerve

28
Q

first layer of plantar muscles

A

AH, FDB, ADM

29
Q

what first layer plantar muscle is not innervated by medial plantar nerve?

A

ADM

30
Q

AH, origin, insertion, action

A

o: calcaneal tuberosity; tuberosity of navicular
i: medial sesamoid and then into base of proximal phalanx of hallux
ac; abducts and plantar flexes hallus

31
Q

FDB o, i, and a

A

calcaneal tuberosity, middle phalanges of lesser digits, plantarflexes middle and proximal phalanges of lesser digits

32
Q

ADM o, i and a

A

o: calcaneal tuberosity, tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal base
i: lateral side of proximal phalanx of fifth toe
o; abducts and plantar flexes fifth toe

33
Q

second layer of plantar muscles

A

quadratus plantae, lumbricals

34
Q

QP, o, i and

A

o: medial head; medial surface of calcaneus; lateral head planter surface of calcaneus
i: tendon of flexor digitorum longus;
a: assist flexor digitorum longus

35
Q

QP is innervated by

A

lateral plantar nerve

36
Q

lumbricals: o, i and a

A

o: tendons of flexor digitorum longum
i: medial side of extensor hoods of lesser digits
a: plantarflex proximal phalanges; extend middle and distal phalanges

37
Q

what innervates lumbricals?

A

first: medial plantar nerve

2-4: lateral plantar nerve

38
Q

third layer of plantar muscles

A

FHB, AH, FDMB

39
Q

FHB o, i and action

A

o: plantar surface of cuboid, third cuneiform, tendon of tibialis posterior;
i: medial and lateral sesamoids and then into the plantar surface of the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux
a: plantarflexes hallux

40
Q

what innervates FHB

A

medial plantar nerve

41
Q

AH o, i and i

A

o: oblique head: bases of metatarsals 2-4, transverse head: plantar ligaments of lesser MPJs
i: lateral sesamoid and then into lateral surface of base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux
a: adducts and plantar flexes the hallux

42
Q

FFDMB o, i and a

A

o: plantar surface of the base of the fifth metatarsal
i: lateral surface of base of proximal phalanx of fifth toe
a: plantar flex toe

43
Q

AH and FDMB innervated by

A

lateral plantar nerve

44
Q

fourth layer of plantar muscles

A

dorsal and plantar interossei

45
Q

DI, o, i and a

A

o: adjacent sides of metatarsal shafts
i; 1: medial side of base of the proximal phalanx of the second toe
2-4: lateral sides of the bases of the proximal phalanges of the 2-4 toes
a; abduct 2-4 toes; plantar flex proximal phalanges

46
Q

PI, o, i and a

A

o: bases and medial sides of metatarsal shafts
i; medial sides of the bases of the proximal phalanges of the lesser digits and then into extensor hooda: adduct 3-5 toes. plantarflex proximal phalanges

47
Q

what innervates PI and DI

A

lateral plantar nerve

48
Q

superficial veins of digits flow into

A

dorsal venous arch

49
Q

dorsal venous arch flows

A

medially into the medial marginal vein

50
Q

how does medial marginal vein flow

A

courses anterior to medial malleolus to become great saphenous vein and laterally into the lateral marginal vein

51
Q

what does lateral marginal vein become

A

small saphenous vein

52
Q

major branches of dorsalis pedis

A

lateral tarsal, medial tarsal, arcuate, first dorsal metatarsal, deep plantar

53
Q

dermatomes involved in cutaneous innervation of foot

A

L4, L5, S1 and S2

54
Q

cutaneous nerves involved in innervation of foot

A

saphenous, superficial fibular, deep fibular, lateral dorsal cutaneous, medial plantar, lateral plantar, medial calcaneal; at foot, neuropathy

55
Q

what is a deep tendon reflex?

A

tap tendon to a muscle results in an afferent impulse to spinal cord which synapses either directly or indirectly (thorugh interneuron) on alpha motor neurons. motor neurons generate an efferent impulse to muscle causing contraction

56
Q

patellar or quadriceps reflex

A

tap ligamentum patellae which results in leg extension (L3 and L4 via femoral nerve)

57
Q

achilles, tendo calcaneus or triceps surae reflex

A

tap tendo achilles which results in plantarflexion of foot (S1 via tibial nerve)

58
Q

superficial reflexes?

A

stimulation of receptors in the skin generates an afferent impulse to a level of the spinal cord that results in the stimulation of alpha motor neurons causing contraction of muscles innervated by that same level

59
Q

plantar reflex:

A

stroke sole of foot from the heel, along lateral side and across the metatarsal heads results in plantarflexion of the toes

60
Q

lymphatics of lower extremity drain into?

A

the popliteal and inguinal lymph nodes

anatomy (12 decks)

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