lungs and pleura

Question 1

three parietal regions and two recesses

Answer 1

costal, diaphragmatic and mediastinal pleura

costodiaphragmatic and costomediastinal recesses

Question 2

difference between open pneumothorax and tension pneumothorax

Answer 2

open: air in and one, at ATM
tension: air in, not out, greater than ATM

Question 3

how many trachea are there? from where to where do they extend?

Answer 3

15 to 20

C6 lower border of cricoid cartilage to T4 sternal angle

Question 4

six things anterior to mediastinum

Answer 4

sternum
thymus
l. brachiocephalic vein
origin of brachiocephalis
left common carotid arteries
arch of aorta

Question 5

posterior to mediastinum

Answer 5

esophagus and left recurrent laryngeal n.

Question 6

right side of mediastinum

Answer 6

azygos vein, r vagus nerve, pleura

Question 7

left side of mediastinum

Answer 7

arch of aorta, l common carotid and subclavian arteries, L vagus and phrenic nerves, pleura

Question 8

carina

Answer 8

The mucous membrane of the carina is the most sensitive area of the trachea and larynx for triggering a cough reflex.

Question 9

difference between bronchi

Answer 9

right bronchus - short, i inch, vertical
to root of lung at T5
gives off superior lobar bronchus before hilum. post hilum gives middle and inferior lobar bronchi

left bronchus: long, 2 inch, more horizontal
to left and below arch of aorta, in front of esophagus and descending aorta
reaches lung at hilum T6
lies behind and below pulmonary artery

Question 10

right vs left lung

Answer 10

right long, larger, oblique and horizontal fissures, superior, middle and inferior lobes

left, smaller, oblique fissuer, superior and inferior lobes

Question 11

name the borders of the right lung

Answer 11

anterior, posterior and inferior

Question 12

name the parts of the right lung

Answer 12

cardiac impression, diaphragmaatic surface, groove for inferior vena cava, groove for superior vena cava, oblique and horizontal fissures, tracheal area, groove fro brachioceppahlic vein, esophageal groove, esophageal area, groove for arch of azygos, groove for first rib

Question 13

name the parts of the right hilum

Answer 13

bronchus with superior, middle and inferior lobar bronchi, bronchial vessels, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins (inferior)

Question 14

what are the two borders of the left lung

Answer 14

anterior and inferior borders

Question 15

name the parts of the left lung

Answer 15

cardiac impression, lingula, cardiac notch, oblique fissure, groove for subclavian artery, groove for first rib, apex, groove for arch of aorta, groove for descending aorta, area for trachea and esophagus

Question 16

parts of left hilum

Answer 16

anterior: bronchus with superior and inferior lobar bronchi, bronchial vesels and lymph nodes, pulmonary arteries and veins

Question 17

right lung, three lobes and their parts

Answer 17

superior lobe: apical, posterior, anterior
middle lobe: lateral, medial
inferior lobe: superior, medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal, posterior basal

Question 18

left lung lobes and parts

Answer 18

superior lobe: apical, posterior, anterior, superior lingular, inferior lingular
inferior lobe: superior(apical), medial basal, anterior basal, lateral basal, posterior basal

Question 19

arterial supply of lungs

Answer 19

bronchial arteries: from descending aorta, bronchi, connective tissue of lung and visceral pleura
pulmonary arteries; terminal branches supply alveoli

Question 20

venal drain of lungs

Answer 20

bronchial veins: drain bronchi, connective tissue of lungs and visceral pleura into azygos and hemiazygos
pulmonary veins: bring oxygenated blood from alveoli to left atrium of heart

Question 21

nerve supply of lung

Answer 21

pulmonary plexus: afferent and efferent autonomic nerve fibers, formed by branches of sympathetic trunk, parasympathetic from vagus