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Anatomy > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

The left and right Branchiocepalic vein joins to form_____ in the _____ of the aortic arch

A

Superior vena cava
Front

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2
Q

The superior vena cava drains blood from____ ____ ____

A

Upper limb
Head
Neck

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3
Q

The azygous vein joins the ____ part of the ____ before entering the pericardium @____

A

Posterior
Superior vena cava
T4

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4
Q

The azygous vein drains
____
____
____
____
____
____
____

A

Pst Intercostal space
Pst abdominal wall
Pericardium
Diaphragm
Bronchii
Oesophagus

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5
Q

The main azygous vein originates from?

A

Right Subcostal vein
Right asending lumber vein
Or renal vein

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6
Q

Hemi azygous is found at the ___ side of the pst mediastinum

A

Left

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7
Q

Hemi azygous vein is formed by ___ and ___

A

Left asending lumber vein
Left subcostal vein

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8
Q

Hemi azygous asends through ___ of the diaphragm

A

Left crus

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9
Q

The Hemi azygous joins the azygous vein @

A

T8

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10
Q

Superior Hemi azygous or asending Hemi azygous is formed by the Union of ____ to ____ Intercostal vein

A

5 to 8

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11
Q

The interior vena cava pieces the _____ of the diaphragm @ ____ vertebrae

A

Central tendon
T8 vertebrae

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12
Q

The asending aorta lies within____

A

Fibrous pericardium

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13
Q

The ascending aorta possess ____ bulges forming

A

3
The sinuses of the aorta

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14
Q

The asending aorta has____ branches namely

A

2
Left and right coronary artery

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15
Q

What are the branches of the aortic arch

A

Branchiocepalic artery
Left common carotid artery
Left Subclavian artery

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16
Q

The defending aorta begins at ____ vertebrae

A

T4

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17
Q

The defending aorta pierces the diaphragm through

A

Aortic opening

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18
Q

There are ____ branches of the Defending aorta namely

A

5
Subcostal
Intercostal
Pericardial
Oesophangial
Branchial

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19
Q

The right side of the head, neck, right upper limb and right thorax are drained by____

A

Right Lymphatic duct

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20
Q

The left side of the next, head, left upper limb, left thorax, abdomen, pelvic region and lower limb are drained by _____(lymph)

A

Thoracic duct

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21
Q

The thoracic duct passes the diaphragm through______

A

Aortic opening

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22
Q

The thoracic duct runs along the median line and crosses to the left @_____ vertebrae

A

Sternal angle
T4

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23
Q

The thoracic duct begins below the abdomen as______

A

Cisterma chyli

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24
Q

The L&R vegus nerve supplies____ and ____

A

Lungs and oesophagus

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25
Q

The Left vegus nerve gives off ____

A

Cardiac nerve

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26
Q

The Right vegus nerve gives off ____

A

Left Recurrent Laryngeal nerve

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27
Q

The phrenic nerve arises from _____ and supplies _____

A

Anterior rami of C3 to C5
Diaphragm

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28
Q

____ thoracic nerve has both afferent and efferent fibre

A

Phrenic nerve

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29
Q

The muscle fibers of the diaphragm is grouped into

A

Sternal part
Costal part
Lumber part

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30
Q

The Lt&R Crus is from ____ part of the diaphragm

A

Lumber part of lumber origin

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31
Q

The aortic opening lies at ____ vertebrae
And allows ___, ____, ____ to pass through

A

T12
Aorta
Thoracic duct
Azygous vein

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32
Q

What are the opening of the diaphragm

A

Oesophagial opening
Aortic opening
Vena caval opening

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33
Q

The oesophagial opening lies at ____ vertebrae

A

T10

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34
Q

What are the structures that passes through the oesophagial opening

A

Oesophagus
Vagus nerve

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35
Q

Vena caval opening in the diaphragm lies at ____ vertebrae
And allows ____ and ____ structures through

A

T8
Inferior vena cava
Branches of right phrenic nerve

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36
Q

The diaphragm is supplied by ____ nerve

A

Phrenic

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37
Q

The lungs visceral pleura receives inervation from_____

A

Pulmonary plexus

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38
Q

The parietal pleura is sensitive to____, _____, ______, ______
While the visceral pleura is sensitive to ________

A

Pain, temperature, touch, pressure

Stretch only

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39
Q

The lungs is supplied by _____ nerve

A

Pulmonary plexus

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40
Q

The pulmonary plexus is formed from branches of (I) _____&(II) ______.
(II). fibres are from ___ nerve

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve
parasympathetic nerve are from vagus nerve

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41
Q

The pericardium is posterior to the ____ to ____ costal cartilage (rib)
And anterior to the ______ to______ thoracic vertebrae

A

2nd to 6th
5th to 8th

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42
Q

The pericardium is made of _____ and ______ layers

A

Fibrous and serous pericardium

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43
Q

The serious pericardium consists of ____ and _____ layers

A

Parietal and visceral layers

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44
Q

The slit-like space between the parietal and visceral layer is______

A

Pericardial cavity

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45
Q

How can obstruction to the SVC be solved?

A

Blood can be shunted through the Azygous vein

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46
Q

The clinical sign of aortic coarctation is?

A

Deminished or no femoral pulse

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47
Q

The greater part of the liver lies under___ part of the diaphragm?

A

Right dome

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48
Q

The stomach and spleen lies under ____ part of the diaphragm?

A

Left dome

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49
Q

The kidney at the posterior thorax lies at ____

A

T11- T12

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50
Q

The supra spinal notch is at ____ line with thoraxic vertebrae in female
And in males @____ line

A

T3
T2

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51
Q

The true ribs
False ribs
And floating ribs are

A

T1 - T7
T8 - T12
T11 & T12

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52
Q

Sternal angle is @ ____ vertebrae
And ____ ribs?

A

T4
2nd rib

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53
Q

The body of the sternum articulate on each side with?

A

2nd to 7th costocartilage

54
Q

Are there ribs or costal cartillage attached to the xiphod process?

A

No

55
Q

The xiphisternal joint lies opposite the _____ thoracic vertebrae

A

T9

56
Q

A Typical ribs has____

A

Head, neck, tubercle, shaft, angle, 2 articulating faccet

57
Q

Typical ribs are from___ to ____

A

3 to 9

58
Q

The Atypical ribs are?

A

1,2,10,11,12

59
Q

What group of muscle of the thorax helps increase the volume of the thorax during restoration?

A

Intrinsic muscle and they connect only to the thorax

60
Q

The deepest layer of muscle in the intrecostal space is called?

A

Transverse thoracis group

61
Q

Transverse thoracis group of muscle includes

A

Subcostal muscle Pst
Innermost intrecostal muscle Lat
Transversus thoracic/ sternovostalis Ant

62
Q

The structures of the intrecostal space are supplied by______

A

Large Pst intrecostal Artery
Small Ant intrecostal Artery

63
Q

The posterior veins of the thorax drains into______
And anterior vein drain into____

A

Azygous or Hemi azygous vein
Internal thoacic or musculophrenic vein

64
Q

The intrecostal space is Innervated by ___ to ____ nerve

A

T1–T11

65
Q

The imterchondral ribs connects _____

A

Costal cartillage of ribs 7-10

66
Q

What are the contents of the superior mediastinum

A

Traceha
Oesophagus
Thymus
Thoracic duct
Superior half of superior vana cava
Muscle-sternohyoid and Sterno thyroid, Longus colli

67
Q

Nerve of the superior mediatinum are?

A

L and R phrenic nerve
L and R vagus N
Cardaic N
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve
Deep cardiac plexus

68
Q

What makes the 2nd rib atypical?

A

Its broad and short
Rough superior Tuberosity

69
Q

Example of intrinsic thoracic muscle are?

A

External, internal, innermost intercostal muscle
Subcostal muscle
Transversus thoracic muscle
Levatores costarum
Seratus posterior (superior and inferior muscle)

70
Q

What’s the difference between the intrinsic and extrinsic thoracic muscle?

A

Intrinsic connects only to the thoracx
Extrinsic connect to the thorax and other places.

71
Q

Example of extrinsic thoracic muscles are?

A

Pectoralis major and minor
Seratus anterior
Subclavius muscle

72
Q

Blood vessels in the thorax runs between

A

Internal and innermost intercostal muscle

73
Q

What muscle are present in the superior mediastinum

A

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid
Lower longus coli

74
Q

The lymph nodes of the superior mediastinum are

A

Branchiocephalic
Paratracheal
Tracheobronchial

75
Q

Organs
Arteries
Vein
of the superior mediastinum

A

Trachea, oesophagus, thymus, thoracic duct
Arch of the aorta–brachiocephalic A, L common carotid and Let subclavian
Upper half of superior vena cava, left and right brachiocephalic vein

76
Q

The nerve of the superior mediastinum

A

L vagus N
R vagus N
L Phrenic N
R Phrenic N
Cardiac N
Left recurrent Laryngeal N
Deep cardiac plexus

77
Q

Boundaries of ant. Mediastinum

A

Ant. Sternum
Pst. Pericardium
Sup. Transverse thoracic plane
Inf. Superior surface of diaphragm
Lat. Mediastinal pleura

78
Q

Contents of the ant. Mediastinum

A

Sterno pericardial Lig.
Lymph node with lymphocyte
Fat
Lowest part of the thymus
Aorta tissue internal thoracic artery

79
Q

Contents of the middle. Mediastinum

A

Heart, pericardium, trachea, R&L primal bronchi
Lymph nodes: Tracheobranchial LN
Phrenic and pericardiaphrenic vessels

80
Q

Boundaries of the middle mediastinum

A

Sup. Transverse thoracic plane
Inf. Diaphragm
Lat. Mediastinal pleura
Ant. Sterno pericardial Lig.
Pst. Oesophagus, defending Aorta, Azygous vein

81
Q

Arteries, veins and nerves of the middle mediastinum

A

Ascending A, pulmonary trunk, L&R pulmonary arteries

Lower half of superior vena cava, termination of azygous vein, L&R pulmonary vein( 2 each)

Right Phrenic, L Phrenic, Deep cardiac N

82
Q

Boundaries of the pst mediastinum

A

Ant. Pericardium
Pst. T5 to T12
Lat. Mediastinal pleura
Sup. Transverse thoracic plane
Inf. Diaphragm

83
Q

Contents of the pst. Mediastinum
O, A, V

A

Oesophagus
Decending aorta and branches of defending aorta
Azygous V, Hemi azygous V, accessory Hemi azygous V

84
Q

Contents of the pst. Mediastinum
N, LN,

A

Vagus N, splanchnic N(greater, lesser, least)
Pst. Mediastinal Lymph, thoracic duct

85
Q

The splanchnic N arises from?

A

5th- 8th thoracic ganglia of sympathetic chain

86
Q

In supine position, the aortic arch lies

A

Superior to the transverse thoracic plane

87
Q

When standing the central tendon falls to the level of

A

T8-T9

88
Q

The muscle fibers of the central part of the diaphragm is direci

A

Directed upwards and inwards

89
Q

Muscle fibers of the diaphragm is divided into ____ parts namely?

A

Sternal, costal and lumber end(vertebral)

90
Q

The sternal part of the diaphragm arises from

A

Two fleshy slips from the pst. Xyphoid process

91
Q

The costal end of the diaphragm originates from?

A

Lower six ribs and their costal cartilage interdiginating with transversus abdomnis

92
Q

The lumber origin of the diaphragm originates from?

A

Medially and laterally L1

93
Q

Right crus arises from anterolateral surface of _____ vertebrae
Left crus arises from anterolateral surface of _____ vertebrae

A

L1-L3
L1-L2

94
Q

The central part of the diaphragm has 3 leaflet looking tendon
Middle is _____ shaped and directed_____
L&R are ____ shaped and which is narrower?

A

Triangular and apex is directed towards the xiphoid precess
Tongue shaped (L is narrower than R)

95
Q

The Oesophagial opening is ____ shaped
Allows what structures through?
Contraction of the diaphragm causes ____ to the opening

A

Elliptical
Oesophagus, vagus N, phreno Oesophagial Lig. Lymphatic of the liver
Constriction of the opening

96
Q

Vena caval opening is ____ shaped?
Allows_____ through
Contraction of the diaphragm causes_____ to the opening?

A

Quadrilateral
Right Phrenic N, inferior vena cava, lymph vessel of the liver
Causes dialation of the vena caval opening

97
Q

Each crus is pierced by?
Left crus is pierced separately by?

A

Greater and lesser splanchnic N
Left is pierced by Hemi azygous V

98
Q

_______ pierces the diaphragm @ 9th costal cartilage?

A

Musculophrenic N

99
Q

The nerve supply to the diaphragm is?

A

Phrenic nerve from (ventral rami C3, C4, C5

100
Q

The sensory innovation of the diaphragm

A

Central part– phrenic N
Peripheral– lower six thoracic N

101
Q

_____ forms the central tendon?
______ forms the dorsal paired portion?
The circumferential portion of the diaphragm
Dorsal unparir part?

A

Septum transversum
Pleuriperitoneal membrane
Lateral thoracic wall
Dorsal mesentery of the oesophagus

102
Q

The 2 most common types of diaphragmatic hernia are:

A

All continental
Retrosternal– through the foramen of space of Larry
Posterolateral hernia– thought the foramen of Bochdalek

103
Q

Hiatal henia can be congenital for kids and acquired for old men due to

A

Persistent of embryonic peritoneal process in pst. Mediastinum
Aq. Backflow of gastric acid to the oesophagus

104
Q

How are hiccups produced?

A

Hiccups are caused byinvoluntary contractions of your diaphragm— the muscle that separates your chest from your abdomen and plays an important role in breathing. This involuntary contraction causes your vocal cords to close very briefly, which produces the characteristic sound of a hiccup.24 May 2017

105
Q

The reflection of the parietal pleura occurs @

A

Hilium of the lungs in the mediastinal pleura

106
Q

During inspiration the lungs lower Margin decends into

A

Costodiaphragmatic recess

107
Q

During inspiration and expiration the anterior border of the lungs slides into

A

Costomediatinal recess

108
Q

The parietal pleura is sensitive to?

A

Pain, temp, touch, pressure

109
Q

The costal
Mediastinal
Diaphragmatic pleura are innervated by?

A

Intercostal N
Phrenic N
Phrenic and 6-12 intercostal N

110
Q

The visceral pleura is sensitive only to?
And is innervated by?

A

Stretch
Pulmonary plexus

111
Q

Difference between the costal and medial surfaces of the lungs

A

Costal– smooth, convex
Medial– pst. Mediastinal part–conave, ant. Vertebral part

112
Q

The features of each lung

A

Apex
Base
3 border–ant. Pst. Inf.
2 surface

113
Q

What are the impressions in the Right lung

A

Cardiac
Superior and inferior vena cava
Azygous vein
Oesophagial
Trachea
Vagus N

114
Q

What are the impressions in the Left lung

A

Cardiac
Pulmonary trunk
Aortic arch and decending aorta
Left subclavian Artery
Thoracic duct
Oesophagus

115
Q

The pulmonary roots lies @ the level of ____ vertebrae

A

T5-T7

116
Q

The pathway of the bronchus(BRANCHOPULMONARY SEGMENT)

A

Bronchus— lobar bronchus— segmental bronchus(tertiary)—- bronchiole— terminal bronchioles— Respiratory bronchiole— alveolar sacs

117
Q

Difference between the right and left lung branchopulmonary segments

A

The R Lung has midle lobe & L doesn’t
L Lungs has Superior and inferior lingular(@ superior lobe) & R Lung doesn’t

118
Q

The branchi, viseral pleura and connective tissue of the lungs receive blood supply from?

A

Bronchial artery from decending aorta

119
Q

Branchial vein drains into?

A

Azygous and Hemi azygous V

120
Q

All lymph from the lungs drains into?

A

4rm sup. &deep plexus
To
Trachobronchial node and then to broncho mediastinal lymph trunk

121
Q

The sympathetic efferent fibre of the pulmonary plexus causes

A

Broncho dialation and vaso constriction

122
Q

The parasympathetic efferent fibre of the pulmonary plexus causes

A

Broncho constriction
Vaso dialation
Increased glandular secretion

123
Q

This left coronary artery branches into

A

Anterior inter ventricular and
Circumference Artery

124
Q

The anterior inter ventricular artery of the L coronary artery runs along

A

Inter ventricular groove
And the left conos artery the anastomosise with right conos artery

125
Q

The Left coronary artery arises from

A

Left pst. Aortic opening,
It’s larger BT shorter than right coronary artery

126
Q

What are the branches of the right coronary artery?

A

Sinu Arterial branch
Conus branch
Large marginal branch
Ps. Inter ventricular branch

127
Q

The inferior border of the heart and sometimes apex is supplied by?

A

Large Lateral marginal, Right coronary artery

128
Q

The large lateral margin of the right coronary artery originates from?

A

Right coronary artery along the inferior margin of the heart

129
Q

What’s the area of distribution of the left coronary artery?

A

Left Atrium
Greater part of the left ventricle( except pst. Interventricular groove)
Lesser part of the right ventricle
Anterior part of inter ventricular Septum

130
Q

Area of distribution of the Right coronary artery

A

Right atrium
Greater part of the right ventricle (except anterior inter ventricular groove)
Lesser part of the left ventricle
Pst. Part of inter ventricular septum

131
Q

The anterior surface of the left ventricle is drained by?

A

Grater cardiac vein

132
Q

The ant. Surface of the left ventricle is drained by?

A

Greater cardiac vein

Anatomy (7 decks)

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