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Anatomy > GIT Embryo > Flashcards

GIT Embryo Flashcards

1
Q

The foregut extend from the _____ to ____

A

Buccopharyngeal membrane to swptum transversum

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2
Q

The midgut extend from the _____ to ____

A

Vitelline tube and yolk sac

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3
Q

The hindgut extend from the _____ to ____

A

Allontoic diverticulum extends to cloacal membrane

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4
Q

The foregut is divided into? Namely

A

3
1st part– pharynx = paired branchial arches
2nd part– thoracic= respiratory bud and oesophagus
3rd part– abdominal= passes the septum transversum and forms abdominal part of oesophagus, stomach, half of the duodenum

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5
Q

____ supplies the yolk sac and forms a plexus around the gut,
And develops into the arterial supply of the abdominal gut?

A

Vitelline arteries

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6
Q

_____ supplies the arteries of the gut

A

Dorsal aorta

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7
Q

____ is the main artery from which the foregut, midgut and hindgut are supplied

A

Vitelline artery

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8
Q

What branches of the vitelline artery supplies
Foregut, midgut and hindgut

A

Coeliac aixis-forgut(in septum transversum)
Superior mescentric artery (supplies midgut)
Inferior mescentric artery (hindgut)

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9
Q

The splanchnic secondary mesoderm forms

A

Smooth muscles and CT

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10
Q

The GIT is formed from ______

A

The incorporation of the dorsal part of the yolk sec into the embryo due to head, tail and lateral fold

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11
Q

The foregut extends from____ to _____

A

Pharynx to middle 2nd part of the duodenum

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12
Q

The midgut extends from____ to _____

A

2nd half of the duodenum to junction btw medial 2/3 and lateral 1/3 of the transverse colon

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13
Q

The hindgut extends from____ to _____

A

Medial 2/3 or lateral 1/3 downwards

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14
Q

What are the derivative of the foregut?

A

Pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, 1st and half of the 2nd part of the duodenum, liver, gall bladder, spleen, pancreas, respiratory system

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15
Q

What are the derivative of the midgut?

A

(Half of the 2nd part of the )3rd,4th duodenum, jujenum, ileum, appendix, caecum, ascending colon, right colic flexture, medial 2/3 of the transverse colon

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16
Q

What are the derivative of the hindgut?

A

Left 1/3 of the transverse colon, left colic flexture, decending colon, segmoid colon, rectum, upper1/2 of anal canal, primitive urogenital derivatives

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17
Q

@_____ week the respiratory diverticulum appears @ ____ wall of the foregut?

A

4 week
Ventral wall

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18
Q

The oesophagus develops from the ____ part of the respiratory diverticulum

A

Posterior part
The oesophagus is first short the elongates

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19
Q

What are the conginal defects of the oesophagus?

A

Tracheo-oesophageal fistula— non separation between the oesophagus and the trachea
Oesophagial atresia– due to failure to recanlize
Oesophagial stenosis— due to incomplete recanalization

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20
Q

What are the stages of oesophagial development?

A

Elongation- 2nd month
Recanlization- 3rd month columnar Epithelium
Differentiation– 4th month stratified squamous Epithelium
Induction–
Trans differentiation– smooth muscle to skeletal @ 2/3 of the oesophagus

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21
Q

From week ___ to ___ the stomach grows in all directions and become sac like
And the lesser and greater curvature forms @___ week
Achieve its characteristic shape @____ week

A

4th to 8th
5th
8th

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22
Q

In the stomach,
The foregut forms___, ___&____
Splanchnic mesoderm forms___, ___&___
Neural crest forms ____&____

A

For– epithelium, gastric pit, gastric gland
Span Meso– CT, smooth muscle, blood vessels
Neural C– automatic nerve plexus, sub mucosal and myenteric

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23
Q

The stomach appears as fusiform dialation of the forgut @____ week

A

4th

24
Q

@ stomach development
The left vagus nerve becomes _____
And right vagus N becomes ____

A

Ant. Gastric N
Pst. Gastric N

25
Q

In stomach development
The pyloric end moves to the ____ and cardiac end move to ____ due to ____

A

Right
Left
Development of the Liver

26
Q

The stomach muscle develops @ ___ week
The gastric gland development @ _____ time
Rennin starts functioning @ ____ time?

A

8-9 weeks
Gland-3rd month
Rennin- 5th month

27
Q

Differentiation of the stomach occur between ___ and ___
Chief and parietal cells forms @ ____ to ___ weeks
Glands becomes fully functional @ ____ to ___ time

A

2nd and 3rd month
10-20 weeks
8-9th month

28
Q

The stomach develops in ____ and has both ____ and ____ mesentery

A

Septum transversum
Dorsal amd ventral mesentery

29
Q

The spleen develops in _____
The liver develops in______

A

Spleen– dorsal mesentery
Liver– ventral mesentery

30
Q

The stomach undergoes 90degree rotation @ ___ weeks

A

5th

31
Q

The duodenum is derived from?

A

Terminal end of the foregut and proximal end of the midgut

32
Q

The duodenum receives blood from?

A

Forgut(colic artery) and midgut(superior mesentery)

33
Q

The duodenum becomes C shaped due to ___ growth?
The duodenum rotates_____

A

Differential growth
90degrees to the right

34
Q

The duodenum losses it’s mesentery and becomes a ___ organ

A

Secondary retro- peritoneal

35
Q

____ gives rise to the liver and pancreatic buds

A

duodenum @ the distal foregut

36
Q

Hepatic buds develops @ ____

A

Ventral border of the foregut (duodenum)

37
Q

The hepatic bud forms ____ and ____
Which turns into

A

Par hepatica (liver) and par cystica (gall bladder & cystic duct )

38
Q

The par hepatica divides I to 2 enters the Septum transversum and forms

A

Hepatic duct
Liver cells
Epithelial lining of bile canulliculi

39
Q

Septum transversum forms

A

Falcuform ligament, lesser omentum, liver capsule

40
Q

The pancreas develops from the___&___pancreatic bud from the ____ of the DUODENUM

A

Dorsal and ventral buds
Endoderm of the duodenum

41
Q

____ forms the body and tail of the panvreas
____ forms the head of the pancreas

A

Dorsal
Ventral

42
Q

The main pancreatic duct is formed by?
Accessory pancreatic duct is formed by?

A

Distal duct of the dorsal pancreatic bud and ventral duct of the pancreatic bud

Proximal duct of the dorsal pancreatic bud

43
Q

The mid gut communicate with the yolk sac through

A

Vitelline duct

44
Q

Midgut herniation occurs@___ week
Midgut retraction occurs@___ week
Midgut rotation occurs@___ week

A

Her–week 6( midgut loop elongates and abdominal cavity becomes small and part of d intestine herniate)
Retra– week 10 ( abdominal cavity becomes enlarged and the herniated intestine becomes normal)
Rota– 2 parts = week 6( 90 anticlockwise rotation caecum shift to left), week10 180 anticlockwise rotation caecum positioned normally)

45
Q

Atresias of the the duodenum causes?

A

Incomplete recanlization

46
Q

Atresias of the the juodenum, ileum, colon causes?

A

Arterial occlusion unlike duodenum

47
Q

Clockwise rotation of the gut causes?

A

Situs inversus

48
Q

Volvulus

A

The rotation of the loop around the superior mesenteric artery

49
Q

Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, decending colon and sigmoid colon arises from?

A

Cranial end of the hindgut

50
Q

The Essenteric nervous system is made up of?

A

Myenteric( auerbach) and sub mucosal plexus

51
Q

The myenteric NS lies between____ and ____
Used in parasltatic movements(eg stomach)
Regulates?

A

Circular and longitudinal muscle
Motility

52
Q

Sub mucosal plexus lies between _____
And regulates?

A

circular and muscularis mucosa
Electrolytes and water transport
Gland secretion
Blood flow

53
Q

____ separate the hindgut from the allantouis

A

Urogenital septum

54
Q

Urogenital setum if formed from?

A

It’s formed from the mesoderm in the junction between the yolk sac and connecting stalk

55
Q

The urogenital saptum has 2 folds namely?

A

Superior, midline fold of the Tournuex
And paired lateral Rathke fold

56
Q

@ ____ week the anal opening is closed
@___ week the anal opening is recanalyzed

A

8th week
9th week

57
Q

The terminal board of the anal canal is of ___ origin?
And is supplied by ____ artery

A

Ectoderm
Inferior rectal artery

Anatomy (7 decks)

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