Respi Embryo

Question 1

The upper respiratory tract consists of?

Answer 1

Nasal cavity, pharynx

Question 2

Lower respiratory tract consists of?

Answer 2

Larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs

Question 3

The lower respiratory tract develops from the ____ part of the foregut? @___ weeks

Answer 3

Median diverticulum

Question 4

The respiratory bud appear @week4 as an outgrowth @ ____ part of the for gut?

Answer 4

Ventral wall

Question 5

The _____ lining the laryngotrachea Diverticum gives rise to epithelium and glands of the respiratory tract
And the spanchnic mesoderm gives rise to?

Answer 5

Endoderm
CT, cartilage, smooth muscle

Question 6

Laryngeal muscle& cartilage except ____ develop from the mesoderm of the ___ to ___ pair of pharyngeal arch

Answer 6

Epiglottis
4th to 5th pair

Question 7

The epiglottis is formed from?

Answer 7

The caudal part of the hypo pharyngeal eminence @ mesoderm

Question 8

Due to rapid growth of the laryngeal orifice the epiglottis transforms from ____ to ____

Answer 8

Sagital slit to a T-shaped opening

Question 9

Vacuolation and recanalization occurs @ ____ weeks?
And gives rise to

Answer 9

10 week
A pair of lateral recesses called laryngeal ventricle

Question 10

During recanalization of the larynx ____, _____&_____ are formed

Answer 10

Laryngeall ventricle, vocal folds, vestibular folds

Question 11

The larynx muscles are innervated by?
_____ innervates the derivatives of the 4th pharyngeal atch
_____ innervates the derivatives of the 6th pharyngeal atch

Answer 11

Vagus N(10tg cranial nerve)
Superior laryngeal N
Left recurrent laryngeal N

Question 12

Laryngeal Atresia(AreAs😁) is also called?

Answer 12

CHAOS congenital high airway obstruction syndrome
Incomplete recanalization of the larynx

Question 13

Left and right main bronchi are formed @ ____ weeks

Answer 13

5

Question 14

Tacheaoesophageal Fistula occurs mostly @ ___ part of the oesophagus?
Occurs mainly on____
Symptoms

Answer 14

Distal part attaches to the oesophagus ( lower respiratory tract)
Males
Coughing, regurgitation,

Question 15

The segmental bronchi begins to form @ ___weeks

Answer 15

7th

Question 16

The parietal and viseral layer of the lungs are formed from?

Answer 16

Somato mesoderm– Peri
Splanchnic mesoderm– viseral

Question 17

The maturation of the lungs is divided into ____ namely? And time

Answer 17

Pseudo glandular 5th weeks- 17week
Canalicular 16th-25th wedks
Terminal sac 24 weeks to birth
Alveolar late fetal period to childhood

Question 18

Why does the period of maturation of the lungs overlap?

Answer 18

Because the cranial segment of the lungs mature faster than the caudal ones

Question 19

@ what stage of lungs maturity is respiration possible?

Answer 19

Canalicular phase
But might still dies bcus of incomplete maturity

Question 20

@ what stage of lungs maturity can a baby survive being born?
& has air-blood barrier?
But may suffer from?

Answer 20

Terminal Sac
Respiratory Distress due to lack of surfactant which is the collapse of the lungs on expiration due to high surface tension

Question 21

Surfactant production begin @ ____ week @ ____ phase of lung maturity

Answer 21

20 weeks of terminal sac

Question 22

Mature alveoli didn’t form until after birth
T OR F

Answer 22

T

Question 23

The fluid in the lyngs are cleared at birth by?

Answer 23

Pressure on the fetal thorax during delivery
Absorption by the pulmonary capillaries and lymphatic

Question 24

The growth of the lyngs after birth is mainly due to

Answer 24

Increase in the number of respiratory bronchiol and alveoli

Question 25

Only 1/6 if adult alveoli is present @ birth the rest developed in the next 10 years
T or F

Answer 25

T

Question 26

What are the factors responsible for normal lung growth?

Answer 26

Adequate thoracic space for its growth
Adequate amniotic fluid volume
Fetal breathing movement

Question 27

RDS can be treated with?

Answer 27

Thyroxine and glucocuticoid help stimulate surfactant production

Question 28

What’s oligohydroammios?

Answer 28

This is the severe reduction of amniotic fluid in the lungs and it causes pulmonary hypoplasia