Abdomen Flashcards
Between inter and extra peritoneal organ which is moveable?
Intra
Extra is less movable or immobile
Sub peritoneal organs are located @
In the lesser pelvis
In males the peritoneal Cavity Pc is ____ and in females its____
Is closed
In females it communicates with the external environment through the uterine tube, uterus and vagina
_____ ensures mobility of of organs
Mesentery
Greater omentum decends from?
Lesser omentum connects?
Decends from greater curvature of the stomach and initial portion of pars superior duodeni and assend back to attach to transverse colon
Lesser omentum connects lesser curvature and and initial portion par of superior duodeni
_____ divides the peritoneal cavity into____ namely?
Mesocolon transversum
3
1) Supracolic compartment– btw diaphragm and mesocolon transversum
2) infracolic compartment– btw mesocolon transversum and linea terminalis
3) pelvic compartment– below linea terminalis in pelvic cavity
Supracolic compartment includes what organs?
Oesophagus – intraperitoneal
Stomach–intraperitoneal
Liver— intraperitoneal
Gall bladder— intraperitoneal
Spleen — intraperitoneal
Peritoneal structures in the supracolic compartment is?
Lig.triangulare
Lig. Coronarium hepatis
Lig. Falsiform hepatis
Omentum minus and magnus
Organs of the infracolic compartment includes?
Small intestine
Large intestine
What part of the small intestine has peyers patches in the lymphoid tissues
Illium
What part of the small intestine has narrower, thinner and less vascular
Ilium
Is the ascending&decending colon pre peritoneal or retro peritoneal?
Retro peritoneal
Sigmoid colon is also called?
Pelvic colon
____ is the largest gland of the body?
Liver
The liver is relating with?
Stomach, duodenum, right kidney, right colonic flexure
The head of the pancreas is in ____
It’s tail reaches the _____
Concavity of the duodenum
Spleen
The spleen lies @ ____region?
Btw the ____ and ____ @____
It’s suspended from the stomach by?
It’s suspended from the pst abdomen by
Hypochondriac region
Gastric fundus and diaphragm
@T9-T10
Gastrolienal ligament
Lienorenal ligament
The contents/structure of the spermatic cord?
3A– Testicular, cremastric, artery to vas deference
3V– Testicular, cremastric and pampiniform flexus of veins
3N– sympathetic, ilioinguinal, genital branch of genitofemoral N
3 fascias– external( 4rm external oblique), internal(fascia transversalis) and cremastric(internal oblique)
Transport of sperm from ______ to urethra is done by ?
Epididymis
Vas de ference
Testicular aorta is located @_____ vertebrae? Defending from ____ part of abdominal wall?
And supplies
L2
Posterior
Testis and epididymis
The testicular vein plexus is called?
Pampiniform plexus
The pampiniform plexus is drained into?
Left Renal vein
Genital branch of the genitofemoral N has a root of?
And supplies what muscle?
L1 &L2
Cremastric muscle
____ in the fetus is responsible for the formation of inguinal canal?
And what can it’s remain after birth cause?
Processus Vaginalis
Indirect hernia
What’s inguinal hernia?
Inguinal hernia is the protrusion of part of the abdominal content (intestine) beyond the normal confines of the abdominal wall( into the inguinal canal)
What type of hernia is most common?
Indirect inguinal hernia
What indirect inguinal hernia?
It’s a congenital hernia that’s due to the remains of processus Vaginalis which passes through to superficial ring and block the inguinal canal
Direct inguinal hernia doesn’t pass through it forms a bulge @ the posterior inguinal canal
Between the right and left testis which is more subseptible to indirect inguinal hernia?
Right
What’s the difference between direct and indirect inguinal hernia?
Direct– Old men, hernia appears when the patient cough, usually bilateral, can’t go all the way to superficial ring, hemispherical
Indirect– In children, hernia doesn’t when the patient cough, usually unilateral, may go all the way to superficial ring, oval in shape
The scrotum consists of
Testis, epididymis, lower end of spermatic cord
____ cover the anterior, medial and lateral part of the testis?
Tunica Vaginalis
_____ is the lower end part of processus Vaginalis?
Tunica Vaginalis
the scrotum is made up of?
Skin, Tunica dartos,
Left testis usually lies @ a lower level than right
T or F
T
Sperm production occurs @
Seminiferous tubule
Androgen in the testis is the produced by?
Interstitial cell
The site of sperm maturation is?
Epididymis
The sperm carrying tube is?
Vas de ference
What’s the N supply to the testis?
Autonomic N– sympathetic fibre runs along testicular artery, Afferent sensory N
Genital branch of the genitofemoral N– cremastric muscle
Scrotum— ilioinguinal N
What’s Varicocele?
Veins in pampiniform plexus elongate and dialate
Common in left testis
What’s hypercoele
Causes?
Accumulation of fluid @ tunica Vaginalis
Inflammation, idiopathic
What’s cryptorchidism?
And maldescent?
Cryptorchidism is the incomplete decend of the test through the right path
Maldescent is the abnormal decent of the testis through the wrong pathway
The peritoneal cavity is divided into
Greater and lesser sac
Greater sac is divided into
Supracolic and infracolic compartment
The transversalis fascia lines ___ muscle continues to ___, ___&____ and contribute to _____
Transversus abdominal muscle
Continues to diaphragm, iliac muscle & pelvis fascia
Contribute to femoral sheath
Extra peritoneal fascia is a thin layer of CT and adipose tissue between___&____
Peritoneum and fascia transversalis
What are the layers of the ant. Abdominal wall
Skin,
Superficial fascia
Deep fascia
Muscular layer
Transversalis fascia
Extra peritoneal fascia
Parietal peritoneum
In superficial fascia
Above the umbilicus __ layer
Below it _____ layer
One layer
2 layer–
Casper’s fascia(fatty superficial layer) – Dartos muscle in male
Scrape’s fascia(dense Membranous layer)
In superficial fascia the Membranous layer in scrotum is called?
Colle’s fascia
Attachment of Scarpa’s fascia
Inf.
Sides.
Pst.
Inf. Fascia lata
Sides. Pubic arch
Pst. Perineal body
The dorsal body cavity includes ___&___
Ventral body cavity includes ___&___
Cranial and ventral body cavity
Thoracic , abdominal and pelvic cavity
The true abdominal cavity is divided from ___ to ____
Diaphragm to linea terminalis
Rectus sheath is a long fibrous sheath made mainly by
The aponeurosis of the lateral 3 abdominal muscle
What are the contents of the rectus sheath
Rectus abdominal muscle
Pyramidalis
Ant. Rami of lower 6 thoracic N
Sup. & Inf. Epigastric vessels
Lymphatic vessels
Description of the rectus sheath is considered what levels
Above the costal margin
Btw the costal margin & @ the level of the ant. Superior iliac spine
Btw the level of ant. Superior iliac spine & ant. Wall of the pubis
The aponeurosis of the internal oblique is
The aponeurosis of the external oblique is directed
The aponeurosis of the transversus is directed
Internal– splites to enclose the rectus muscle
External– directed in front of the muscle
Transversus – directed behind the muscle
Btw the level of ant. Superior iliac spine & pubis
@ ant. Wall___ happens
Pst. Wall
Ant. Aponeurosis of all the muscles form
Pst. Wall is absent and the rectus muscle lies in contact with fascia transversalis
i.e the pst.wall isn’t attached to the rectus abdominis muscle while the ant.wall attach to it by tendinous intersections
What’s linea semi circularis? Or arcuate line
It’s a crescent shaped line marking the inferior limit of the pst. layer of the rectus sheath just below the level of iliac crest
The deep inguinal ring is an oval opening @
Fascia transversalis
The margins of the deep inguinal ring gives attachment to?
Internal spermatic fascia
The appears as a defect in _____
And lies
The aponeurosis of the external oblique
Immediately above and medial to the public tubercle
The margins of the superficial inguinal ring (med.&lat crus) gives attachment to?
External spermatic fascia
The ant.wall of inguinal canal is formed by
Aponeurosis of external oblique
The ant.wall of inguinal canal is reinforced @ ____ by___&&
Lat. 3rd by d origin of internal oblique from inguinal lig.
The pst.wall of inguinal canal is formed by?
Fascia transveesalis
The pst. Wall of inguinal canal is reinforced @____ by?
Medial 3rd by conjoint tendon of insertions of internal oblique & transversus attached to pubic crest and pectineal line
The inferior wall of the inguinal canal at its inferior end is formed by___ & at it’s medial end by ____
Inguinal lig.
Lacunar lig.
The superior wall of the inguinal canal is formed by?
The arching lowest fibers of internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle
Pectineal ligament is the continuation if the lacunar lig.
What is the function of inguinal canal
Male to and fro
Female allows round lig. Of the uterus from the uterus to the labium majus
Content of inguinal canal
Spermatic cord and it’s content
Round lig. In females
Genital branch of genitofemoral N
Iliofemoral N enters through pst. Wall
Border of inguinal triangle
Mid border- lateral margin of rectus sheath called linear semilunaris
Sup.lateral- inferior epigastric vessels
Inf. Inguinal lig.
The spermatic cord begins @
Deep inguinal ring & end @ testis
External spermatic fascia is derived from?
Internal spermatic fascia is derived from?
Cremasteric fascia is derived from?
External oblique aponeurosis attached to superficial inguinal ring
Int. Traversalis fascia attached to deep inguinal ring
Cre. Internal oblique muscle
Testicular artery is a branch of aortic aorta @
And desends through
L2
Pst. Abdominal wall
Testicular vein drains into ____
Left renal vein– inferior vena cava
Autonomic nerves
Sympathetic fiber from renal or aortic sympathetic plexus
Afferent sensory N
Genital branch of genitofemoral N is from ____ root
And supplies
L1-L2
Supplies cremastric muscles
Membranous layer in scrotum os known as
Colle’s fascia
Rupture of penile urethra leads to urine in
Scrotum, perineum, penis, abdomen
