Embryo Flashcards
What are somatic cells?
Diploid Cells that make-up the body
What are gamete?
The are haploid cells that donate genetic material to the offspring
What’s meiosis?
Cell division producing haploid cells from diploid cells
Gametogenesis
Formation of gametes that occurs in the gonads
It’s also the process by which a diploid or haploid cell undergo division and differentiation to form mature haploid gametes
Spermatogenesis and oogenesis takes place through _____ process
Meiosis
Spermatogenesis and oogenesis, ____ gametes cells produce ____ Sperm or eggs cell
Diploid cell
Haploid cells
Spermatogenesis occur @
Seminiferous tubule
Sperms mature @ ____ and is nourished by? For about ____ weeks
Epididymis
By sertoli cells for 10 weeks
Spermatogenesis occurs through ____ phases? Which are?
3
Spermatogonial phase
Spermatocyte phase
Spermatid phase
@ spermatogonial phase _____ division occurs?
To form ____ cells
Proliferate by mitosis to form Primary spermatocyte
Diploid
@ spermatocyte phase _____ division occurs?
____ type of cell is formed?
Meiosis
Haploid cells
Forming secondary spermatocyte
How many meiosis occurs in spermatogenesis?
2
What types of division occurs in meiosis 1 and forms
And meiosis 2 and forms
Reduction division to form secondary spermatocyte
Equatorial division to form spermatids
What occurs in spermatid phase?
Spermatid are differentiated into spermatazoa
One primary spermatocyte forms ____ sperm?
4
One secondary spermatocyte forms ____ sperm?
2
One primary oocyte results in the formation of ____ mature oocyte
1
The acrosome is derived from _____ of spermatid
Function of acrosome
golgi region
Hydrolytic Enzyme that helps in egg penetration
In spremiogenesis is most of the cytoplasm shed?
Yes
Sperm dies in _____ time
Bt survive in femal genitalia for____
48hrs
4days
What’s azoospermia
Aspermia
Necrospermia
Azoospermia–no sperm in semen
Aspermia– no sperm production
Necrospermia– all sperm are dead
What cell produces testosterone?
Leydig cells
Oogenesis occurs at____&
Ovarian follicle of the ovaries and in the oviduct
Oogonia is present in ____ part of the overy
And when is it produced? B4 or afer birth?
Cortex of the overy
B4 birth & doesn’t multiply after birth
Oogenesis starts in early fetal life
T
All oocyte go into meiotic arrest when they reach ____ stage of division in fetal life
First meiosis division
Primary oocyte remain in ____ phase of the 1st meiotic division?
Prophase untill puberty
Secondary oocyte is arrested at ____ phase of meiosis 2 division?
Metaphase until fertilization takes place
The completion of each meiosis 1 and 2 results in the formation of _____
Polar bodies
i.e 2 polar bodies are formed in oogenesis
What’s the process is oogenesis
Oogonia divides by mitosis to form primary oocyte
Pri oocyte begins to undergo meiosis but stops at prophase until puberty the complete it to form sec oocyte and a polar body
Secondary oocyte is released from the overy then undergoes meiosis 2 but stops @ metaphase until fertilization takes place the it completees it then matured oocyte are formed with a polar body if not it degenerates
The empty follicle remaining after the secondary oocyte is released forms?
Carpus luteum in 10 days with out fertilization of the oocyte it degenerates
When meiosis 2 is completed by the oocyte it forms?
Ootid and ovum
What’s the function of polar bodies?
It discards the extra haploid set of chromazone thats created by meiosis
The mestral cycle is controlled by?
Hypothalamus
Average menstrual cycle repeats itself every?but can range from ___ to ____
28 days
21-40 days
How does the the hypothalamus control Ovarian cycle?
It releases Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone that stimulates the Anterior pituitary gland which secrets Gonadotropin
What are the phases of menstrual cycle?
Menstrual phase(1-5 days)
Proliferation phase(6-14 days)
Luteal phase (15-27 days)
Ischemia phase( 28{1 day})
_____ follicular cell is thought to promote angoigenesus
Theca externa
What signinifies the formation of secondary follicle?
Formation of the antrum
A fluid filled space
What signinifies the maturation of secondary follicle?
Follicular stigma
What’s the function of theca interna?
Production of follicular fluid and production of estrogen
Ovulation is triggered by the surge of______ production
This surge is caused by______ produced by?
Lieutinizing Hormone
Estrogen produced by theca interna
Abdominal pain that accompanies ovulation is called?
Mittleschmerz
The carpus luteum produces?
Progesterone mainly and some estrogen to prepare the endometrium for implementation
The degeneration of the carpus luteum is prevented by_______ which is produced by?
Human Chronic Gonadotropin by syntiotrophoblast
Carpus luteum if pregnancy is active until ____ week of pregnancy?
20 weeks
If fertilization doesn’t take place the carpus luteum degenerates @ _____ after ovulation
10-212 days
_____ to _____ ml of blood is lost during menstrual cycle?
20-80 ml
Emission of sperm is a _____ response?
Sympathic
The sperm is slow @ ____ environment but fast @ ____
Acidic
Basic
Maturation of sperm is called?
Capacitation
Fresh sperm can’t fertilize
Capacitation occurs @ ____
Uterus
Capitation and acrosimal rxn is regulated by?
Tyrokinase and src kinase
Sperm counts for less than 10% of semen
T
____ and ____ enters the cytoplasm of the secondary oocyte by_____ stays behind?
Head and tail
Mitochondria and membrane
What’s zona reaction?
The reaction that takes place after fertilization to prevent other sperms from coming in
