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Anatomy > Embryo > Flashcards

Embryo Flashcards

1
Q

What are somatic cells?

A

Diploid Cells that make-up the body

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2
Q

What are gamete?

A

The are haploid cells that donate genetic material to the offspring

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3
Q

What’s meiosis?

A

Cell division producing haploid cells from diploid cells

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4
Q

Gametogenesis

A

Formation of gametes that occurs in the gonads
It’s also the process by which a diploid or haploid cell undergo division and differentiation to form mature haploid gametes

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5
Q

Spermatogenesis and oogenesis takes place through _____ process

A

Meiosis

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6
Q

Spermatogenesis and oogenesis, ____ gametes cells produce ____ Sperm or eggs cell

A

Diploid cell
Haploid cells

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7
Q

Spermatogenesis occur @

A

Seminiferous tubule

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8
Q

Sperms mature @ ____ and is nourished by? For about ____ weeks

A

Epididymis
By sertoli cells for 10 weeks

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9
Q

Spermatogenesis occurs through ____ phases? Which are?

A

3
Spermatogonial phase
Spermatocyte phase
Spermatid phase

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10
Q

@ spermatogonial phase _____ division occurs?
To form ____ cells

A

Proliferate by mitosis to form Primary spermatocyte
Diploid

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11
Q

@ spermatocyte phase _____ division occurs?
____ type of cell is formed?

A

Meiosis
Haploid cells
Forming secondary spermatocyte

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12
Q

How many meiosis occurs in spermatogenesis?

A

2

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13
Q

What types of division occurs in meiosis 1 and forms
And meiosis 2 and forms

A

Reduction division to form secondary spermatocyte
Equatorial division to form spermatids

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14
Q

What occurs in spermatid phase?

A

Spermatid are differentiated into spermatazoa

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15
Q

One primary spermatocyte forms ____ sperm?

A

4

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16
Q

One secondary spermatocyte forms ____ sperm?

A

2

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17
Q

One primary oocyte results in the formation of ____ mature oocyte

A

1

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18
Q

The acrosome is derived from _____ of spermatid
Function of acrosome

A

golgi region
Hydrolytic Enzyme that helps in egg penetration

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19
Q

In spremiogenesis is most of the cytoplasm shed?

A

Yes

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20
Q

Sperm dies in _____ time
Bt survive in femal genitalia for____

A

48hrs
4days

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21
Q

What’s azoospermia
Aspermia
Necrospermia

A

Azoospermia–no sperm in semen
Aspermia– no sperm production
Necrospermia– all sperm are dead

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22
Q

What cell produces testosterone?

A

Leydig cells

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23
Q

Oogenesis occurs at____&

A

Ovarian follicle of the ovaries and in the oviduct

24
Q

Oogonia is present in ____ part of the overy
And when is it produced? B4 or afer birth?

A

Cortex of the overy
B4 birth & doesn’t multiply after birth

25
Q

Oogenesis starts in early fetal life

A

T

26
Q

All oocyte go into meiotic arrest when they reach ____ stage of division in fetal life

A

First meiosis division

27
Q

Primary oocyte remain in ____ phase of the 1st meiotic division?

A

Prophase untill puberty

28
Q

Secondary oocyte is arrested at ____ phase of meiosis 2 division?

A

Metaphase until fertilization takes place

29
Q

The completion of each meiosis 1 and 2 results in the formation of _____

A

Polar bodies
i.e 2 polar bodies are formed in oogenesis

30
Q

What’s the process is oogenesis

A

Oogonia divides by mitosis to form primary oocyte
Pri oocyte begins to undergo meiosis but stops at prophase until puberty the complete it to form sec oocyte and a polar body
Secondary oocyte is released from the overy then undergoes meiosis 2 but stops @ metaphase until fertilization takes place the it completees it then matured oocyte are formed with a polar body if not it degenerates

31
Q

The empty follicle remaining after the secondary oocyte is released forms?

A

Carpus luteum in 10 days with out fertilization of the oocyte it degenerates

32
Q

When meiosis 2 is completed by the oocyte it forms?

A

Ootid and ovum

33
Q

What’s the function of polar bodies?

A

It discards the extra haploid set of chromazone thats created by meiosis

34
Q

The mestral cycle is controlled by?

A

Hypothalamus

35
Q

Average menstrual cycle repeats itself every?but can range from ___ to ____

A

28 days
21-40 days

36
Q

How does the the hypothalamus control Ovarian cycle?

A

It releases Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone that stimulates the Anterior pituitary gland which secrets Gonadotropin

37
Q

What are the phases of menstrual cycle?

A

Menstrual phase(1-5 days)
Proliferation phase(6-14 days)
Luteal phase (15-27 days)
Ischemia phase( 28{1 day})

38
Q

_____ follicular cell is thought to promote angoigenesus

A

Theca externa

39
Q

What signinifies the formation of secondary follicle?

A

Formation of the antrum
A fluid filled space

40
Q

What signinifies the maturation of secondary follicle?

A

Follicular stigma

41
Q

What’s the function of theca interna?

A

Production of follicular fluid and production of estrogen

42
Q

Ovulation is triggered by the surge of______ production
This surge is caused by______ produced by?

A

Lieutinizing Hormone
Estrogen produced by theca interna

43
Q

Abdominal pain that accompanies ovulation is called?

A

Mittleschmerz

44
Q

The carpus luteum produces?

A

Progesterone mainly and some estrogen to prepare the endometrium for implementation

45
Q

The degeneration of the carpus luteum is prevented by_______ which is produced by?

A

Human Chronic Gonadotropin by syntiotrophoblast

46
Q

Carpus luteum if pregnancy is active until ____ week of pregnancy?

A

20 weeks

47
Q

If fertilization doesn’t take place the carpus luteum degenerates @ _____ after ovulation

A

10-212 days

48
Q

_____ to _____ ml of blood is lost during menstrual cycle?

A

20-80 ml

49
Q

Emission of sperm is a _____ response?

A

Sympathic

50
Q

The sperm is slow @ ____ environment but fast @ ____

A

Acidic
Basic

51
Q

Maturation of sperm is called?

A

Capacitation
Fresh sperm can’t fertilize

52
Q

Capacitation occurs @ ____

A

Uterus

53
Q

Capitation and acrosimal rxn is regulated by?

A

Tyrokinase and src kinase

54
Q

Sperm counts for less than 10% of semen

A

T

55
Q

____ and ____ enters the cytoplasm of the secondary oocyte by_____ stays behind?

A

Head and tail
Mitochondria and membrane

56
Q

What’s zona reaction?

A

The reaction that takes place after fertilization to prevent other sperms from coming in

Anatomy (7 decks)

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