Thorax Flashcards
where is the thorax?
between the neck and abdomen
what is the chest?
superior part of the trunk, housing the pectoral girdle
what does the thoracic cavity hold? which systems does it include?
lungs and heart. respiratory and cardiovascular systems.
what is the thoracic cage?
rib cage
how is the thoracic cavity divided?
mediastinum (housing thoracic viscera), right and left pulmonary cavities which houses the lungs
what are the functions of the thoracic cage?
rigid but flexible, protect organs, resist internal pressure, attachment for and support upper limbs, anchoring origins of many muscles.
what does the thoracic skeleton consist of and what does it do?
12 pairs of ribs & cartilage, 12 thoracic vertebrae and IV discs, sternum, ribs, costal cartilage, thoracic vertebrae. It protects the thoracic viscera and abdominal organs
what are true ribs?
ribs 1-7 that directly attach to sternum through their own costal cartilages
what are false ribs?
ribs 8, 9 and usually 10. their cartilages connect to the cartilages of the ribs above them so they have an indirect connection to the sternum
what are floating ribs?
ribs 11, 12 and sometimes 10. they do not connect to sternum, instead they end in the posterior abdominal musculature.
what are typical ribs?
ribs 3-9. have head, neck, (connects head of rib with body at tubercle), tubercle, body/shaft
which are the atypical ribs?
1,2, 10-12
what is the intercostal space?
separate ribs and their costal cartilages from each other.
what do the thoracic vertebrae do?
gives bony protection to spinal cord, posture and support, attachment points for ligaments
what are the parts of the thoracic vertebrae?
body, transverse process, spinous process, lamina, pedicles, vertebra foramen, demi/costal facets where ribs attach.
where do spinal nerves pass?
from the spinal cord between the superior and inferior pedicles of vertebrae
what is the sternum?
flat, elongated bone
what are the parts of the sternum?
manubrium, jugular notch, body, and xiphoid process.
what makes up the superior thoracic aperture?
vertebra T1, first pair of ribs and cartilage, superior border of manubrium, jugular notch, clavicle, apex of lungs, and the brachial plexus.
what is the brachial plexus?
network of nerves that supply the upper extremities.
what makes up the inferior thoracic aperture?
12th thoracic vertebra, 11-12th rib pairs, costal cartilage of 7-10. xiphisternal joint, xiphoid process, costal arch, diaphragm, blood vessels
what is the intra-articular ligament of the head of the rib?
it divides the joint into 2 synovial cavities
radiate ligament?
fans out from head of rib
costotransverse ligament?
from tubercl to tip of the transverse process
superior costotransverse ligament?
joins crest of neck of rib to transverse process superior to it.
what is the type of joint and articulation of the Intervetebral joint?
symphysis (secondary cartilaginous)
adjacent vertebral bodies bound together by IV disc.
what are the ligaments and comments of the intervetebral joint?
anterior and posterior longitudinal
movement limited to small degrees of rotation
what is the type and articulation of the joint of head of rib (costotransverse)
synovial plane joint. head of each rib with superior demifacet of v. body of same number, the inferior demifacet of the v body superior to it and the IV disc between them.
what are the ligaments and comments of the joint of head of rib?
radiate, intra-articular ligament of head of rib. 1st, 11th, and 12th and sometimes 10 articulate only with the v. body of same number
what is the type and attachment of the costotransverse joint?
synovial plane joint. rib tubercle with the transverse process of vertebra of same number
what are the ligaments and comments of the costotransverse joint?
lateral and superior costotransnverse. 11th and 12th ribs do not articulate with transverse processes of vertebrae of the same number.
what is the type and articulation of the costochondral joint?
primary (hyaline) cartilaginous joint. lateral end of the costal cartilage and the sternal end of the rib.
what are the ligaments and comments of the costochondral joint?
cartilage and bone bound together by periosteum. no movement occurs at this joint; costal cartilage provides flexibility.
what is the type and articulations of the interchondral joint?
synovial plane joint. between costal cartilages of 6-7, 7-8, 8-9
what are the ligaments and comments of the interchondral joint?
interchondral ligaments, articulation between costal cartilages 9 and 10 are fibrous
what is the type and articulation of the sternocostal joint?
1st- primary cartilaginous joint (synchondrosis) - articulation of 1st costal cartilages with manubrium of sternum
2nd-7th - synovial plane joint - articulation of the 2-7th pair ribs of costal cartilages with sternum
what are the ligaments and comments of the sternocostal joint?
anterior and posterior radiate ligament, intra-articular. articular cavities often absent; fibrocartilage covers articular surfaces.
what is the type and articulations of the sternoclavicular joint?
saddle type synovial joint. sternal end of clavicles with manubrium of sternum and 1st costal cartilage
what are the ligaments and comments of the sternoclavicular joint?
anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments, costoclavicular ligament. this joint is divided into two compartments by an articular disc.
what is the type and articulation of the manubriosternal joint?
secondary cartilaginous joint (symphysis). articulation between manubrium and body of sternum.
what is the type and articulation of the xiphisternal joint?
primary cartilaginous joint (synchondrosis). articulation between xiphoid process and body of sternum.
what are the comments for the manubriosternal joint and the xiphisternal joint?
these joints often fuse and become synostoses in older individuals.
