pages 2-11, 16-22 Flashcards

1
Q

what is regional anatomy?

A

organization of the human body into major parts or segments

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2
Q

what is an example of regional anatomy?

A

main body - head, neck, trunk

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3
Q

how is the skin organized?

A

subcutaneous layers, deep fascia, viscera

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4
Q

what is surface anatomy?

A

what lies underneath skin and what structures are perceptible to touch

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5
Q

what is a physical examination?

A

clinical application of surface anatomy

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6
Q

what is palpatation?

A

clinical technique with observation and listening

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7
Q

what are prossections?

A

carefully prepared dissections for demonstration of anatomical structure.

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8
Q

what is a dissection?

A

observe, palpate, move and reveal parts of the body.

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9
Q

what is systemic anatomy?

A

study of the body’s organ systems that work together to carry out functions

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10
Q

What is the integumentary system? what is it made of?

A

protective covering.

made up of skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands.

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11
Q

what makes up the skeletal system/osteology? what does it do?

A

bones and cartilage. it provides basic shape and support and protects organs

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12
Q

what makes up the articular system/arthrology and what does it do?

A

joints and ligaments. they are the movement sites

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13
Q

what is the muscular system/mycology? what does it do?

A

skeletal muscles move the body. smooth/cardiac muscles propels, expels and controls fluid flow and contained substance.

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14
Q

what is the nervous system/neurology. what does it do?

A

CNS/PNS. Coordinates functions of the organ systems

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15
Q

What is the circulatory system/angiology? what does it do?

A

cardiovascular system - heart, blood vessels, delivers O2, nutrients and hormones, and removes waste.

lymphatic system - withdraws excess tissue fluid from interstitial fluid. filters fluid through lymph nodes & returns it back to blood.

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16
Q

What is the Alimentary/Digestive System? What does it do?

A

GI tract

ingestion, mastication, deglutition, digestion, absorption of food, and eliminates waste.

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17
Q

What is the respiratory system and what does it do?

A

air passages, lungs, diaphragm, larynx. It supplies oxygen to blood for cellular respiration and eliminates C02

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18
Q

What is the Urinary System? what does it do?

A

kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

produces, transports, stores and excretes urine. filters blood

19
Q

what is the genital reproductive system?

A

eggs & sperm

20
Q

what is the endocrine system?

A

endocrine glands and hormones

21
Q

what are hormones used for?

A

regulation of metabolism, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, etc.

22
Q

what is the locomotor system?

A

passive skeletal, articular systems, active muscular system, muscle, bones, joints, ligaments.

23
Q

what is clinical anatomy?

A

applied anatomy

24
Q

what are fascias?

A

they are the wrapping, packing and insulating materials of the deep structures of the body.

25
what is deep fascia?
dense, organized CT with fat. covers most body parallel to skin and under the subcutaneous tissue
26
what is investing tissue?
individual muscles and nerovascular bundles
27
what are the responsibilities of the skin?
protection, containment, heat regulation, sensation, synthesis and storage of vitamin D
28
what are fascial compartments?
group of muscles with similar functions sharing the same nerve supply.
29
what is the intermuscular septa?
separated by thick sheets of deep tissue
30
what is the retinaculum?
thick deep fascia that holds tendons in place
31
what is the subserous fascia?
fatty tissue lying between musculoskeletal walls. endothoracic,endoabdominal, endopelvic fascias
32
what is the difference between the epidermis and dermis?
epidermis: protective, avascular, has some nerve endings. dermis: collagen and elastic fibers with lots of nerve endings
33
what is bone?
living hard form of CT
34
what do cartilage and bones do?
support the body, protection, movement, salt storage, supply of new blood cell.s
35
what is the periosteum?
surrounds bones
36
what is the perichondrium?
surrounds cartilage
37
what are the different kinds of bone and what do they have?
compact bone and spongy bone in the medullary cavity. it houses red/yellow bone marrow.
38
what are the classification of bones?
long - tubular, short - cuboidal in wrist & ankle, flat - protective functions in the brain, irregular - various shapes, sesamoid bones - in certain tendons to protect it from excessive wear?
39
what is intramembraonus ossification?
tissue to bone, formed during embryonic period
40
what is endochondral ossification?
mesenchyme during fetal period. tissue to cartilage to bone.
41
what is the primary ossification made from?
capillaries
42
where is the secondary ossification center?
epiphyses
43
name the parts of the bone.
primary ossification center, diaphysis, epiphyses (both ends), metaphysis, epiphyseal plates
44
when does ossification start and end?
at 5th week, usually ends at 21 years old.