pages 2-11, 16-22 Flashcards
what is regional anatomy?
organization of the human body into major parts or segments
what is an example of regional anatomy?
main body - head, neck, trunk
how is the skin organized?
subcutaneous layers, deep fascia, viscera
what is surface anatomy?
what lies underneath skin and what structures are perceptible to touch
what is a physical examination?
clinical application of surface anatomy
what is palpatation?
clinical technique with observation and listening
what are prossections?
carefully prepared dissections for demonstration of anatomical structure.
what is a dissection?
observe, palpate, move and reveal parts of the body.
what is systemic anatomy?
study of the body’s organ systems that work together to carry out functions
What is the integumentary system? what is it made of?
protective covering.
made up of skin, hair, nails, and sweat glands.
what makes up the skeletal system/osteology? what does it do?
bones and cartilage. it provides basic shape and support and protects organs
what makes up the articular system/arthrology and what does it do?
joints and ligaments. they are the movement sites
what is the muscular system/mycology? what does it do?
skeletal muscles move the body. smooth/cardiac muscles propels, expels and controls fluid flow and contained substance.
what is the nervous system/neurology. what does it do?
CNS/PNS. Coordinates functions of the organ systems
What is the circulatory system/angiology? what does it do?
cardiovascular system - heart, blood vessels, delivers O2, nutrients and hormones, and removes waste.
lymphatic system - withdraws excess tissue fluid from interstitial fluid. filters fluid through lymph nodes & returns it back to blood.
What is the Alimentary/Digestive System? What does it do?
GI tract
ingestion, mastication, deglutition, digestion, absorption of food, and eliminates waste.
What is the respiratory system and what does it do?
air passages, lungs, diaphragm, larynx. It supplies oxygen to blood for cellular respiration and eliminates C02
What is the Urinary System? what does it do?
kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
produces, transports, stores and excretes urine. filters blood
what is the genital reproductive system?
eggs & sperm
what is the endocrine system?
endocrine glands and hormones
what are hormones used for?
regulation of metabolism, menstrual cycle, pregnancy, etc.
what is the locomotor system?
passive skeletal, articular systems, active muscular system, muscle, bones, joints, ligaments.
what is clinical anatomy?
applied anatomy
what are fascias?
they are the wrapping, packing and insulating materials of the deep structures of the body.
what is deep fascia?
dense, organized CT with fat. covers most body parallel to skin and under the subcutaneous tissue
what is investing tissue?
individual muscles and nerovascular bundles
what are the responsibilities of the skin?
protection, containment, heat regulation, sensation, synthesis and storage of vitamin D
what are fascial compartments?
group of muscles with similar functions sharing the same nerve supply.
what is the intermuscular septa?
separated by thick sheets of deep tissue
what is the retinaculum?
thick deep fascia that holds tendons in place
what is the subserous fascia?
fatty tissue lying between musculoskeletal walls. endothoracic,endoabdominal, endopelvic fascias
what is the difference between the epidermis and dermis?
epidermis: protective, avascular, has some nerve endings.
dermis: collagen and elastic fibers with lots of nerve endings
what is bone?
living hard form of CT
what do cartilage and bones do?
support the body, protection, movement, salt storage, supply of new blood cell.s
what is the periosteum?
surrounds bones
what is the perichondrium?
surrounds cartilage
what are the different kinds of bone and what do they have?
compact bone and spongy bone in the medullary cavity. it houses red/yellow bone marrow.
what are the classification of bones?
long - tubular, short - cuboidal in wrist & ankle,
flat - protective functions in the brain, irregular - various shapes, sesamoid bones - in certain tendons to protect it from excessive wear?
what is intramembraonus ossification?
tissue to bone, formed during embryonic period
what is endochondral ossification?
mesenchyme during fetal period. tissue to cartilage to bone.
what is the primary ossification made from?
capillaries
where is the secondary ossification center?
epiphyses
name the parts of the bone.
primary ossification center, diaphysis, epiphyses (both ends), metaphysis, epiphyseal plates
when does ossification start and end?
at 5th week, usually ends at 21 years old.
