Diaphragm & etc. Flashcards
what is the esophageal hiatus?
oval opening for the esophagus in the diaphragm muscle.
what is the aortic hiatus?
opening posterior in the diaphragm for the descending aorta.
do movements of the diaphragm affect the aortic hiatus?
no because the aorta does not pierce the diaphragm.
what is the sternocostal triangle?
small opening between the sternal and costal attachments of the diaphragm.
why do people with dyspnea prefer sitting up?
because lung volume in this position is increased and the diaphragm is working with gravity.
the diaphragm is the most superior when a person is in which position?
supine
when the diaphragm contracts what happens?
the domes are pulled inferiorly, the abdominal viscera pushes inferiorly, the thoracic cavity volume is increased and the intrathoracic pressure is decreased.
what is the posterior abdominal wall composed of?
five lumbar vertebrae and associated IV discs
posterior abdominal wall muscles - psoas, quadratus lumborum, iliacus, transversus abdominis, oblique muscles, diaphragm, fascia, lumbar plexus, fat, nerves, and vessels.
what is the posterior abdominal wall covered with?
endoabdominal fascia between the parietal peritoneum and the muscles.
what is the psoas fascia? what does it form?
covering for the psoas major muscle and thickens to form the medial arcuate ligament
what is the thorcolumbar fascia?
thin, transparent, covers the thoracic parts of the deep muscles.
what encloses the vertical deep back muscles (erector spinae?)
posterior and middle layers of the thoracolumbar fascia.
what is the anterior layer of the thoracolumbar fascia?
covering for the anterior surface of the quadratus lumborum and thickens to be the lateral arcuate ligament.
what is superior and inferior attachment of the psoas major?
transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae, sides of bodies T12-L5 vertebrae and IV discs.
strong tendon to lesser trochanter of femur.
what is the innervation and action of the psoas major?
anterior rami of lumbar nerves L1, L2, L3
inferiorly with iliacus - flexes thigh
superiorly - flexes vertebral column laterally
balances the trunk
flexes trunk when sitting
what is the superior and inferior attachment of the iliacus?
superior 2/3rd of iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, anterior sacro-iliac ligaments.
lesser trochanter of femur and shaft inferior to it, to to psoas major tendon
what is the innervation and action of the iliacus?
femoral nerve.
flexes thigh and stabilizes hip joint, acting with psoas major
what are the superior and inferior attachments of the quadratus lumborum?
medial half of inferior border of 12th ribs and tips of lumbar transverse processes
iliolumbar ligament and internal lip of iliac crest
what is the innervation and action of the quadratus lumborum?
anterior branches of T12-L1-L4 nerves
extends and laterally flexes vertebral column.
fixes 12th rib during inspiration.
