Thoracolumbar Spine I Flashcards
With hypomobility, the area may not be _______
P!ful
If hypomobility is not addressed, it could lead to….
hypermobility in other areas
If hypermobility occurs elsewhere in the body due to not addressing hypomobility, this is called the….
path of least resistance
What is the general Rx or purpose for hypomobility?
Get the specified area moving more and address the adjacent joint/areas
If a patient has a stiff lower thoracic region and thoracolumbar junction, this could lead to what?
hypermobility in the mid-to-low lumbar spine
If a patient has a stiff sacroiliac joint and hip, this could lead to what?
hypermobile lower lumbar spine
With hypermobility the areas are usually ______, and why?
painful bc the axis of motion is less controlled
What can cause hypermobility?
trauma
never treating a hypomobile area
overuse with repetitive activity
posture
General Rx for hypermobility focuses on what?
stabilization with the deeper muscles
Facet joints determine _________ and _________ ___ _______
direction; amount of motion
The thoracic spine is mostly the _______ plane but the ribs limit a _______ ________
frontal; greater SB
The most movement in the thoracic spine is with _________, which is 25-30° then ______, and ________
rotation, SB, FLX
The least movement in the thoracic spine is with _______
EXT
The lumbar spine is slightly ________ and _______ or more coronal
curved; anterior
What level in the lumbar spine is anterior and more coronal?
L5, S1
With the lumbar spine, the most motion occurs with _____ and _____
FLX; EXT
With the lumbar spine, the least motion occurs with _____ at how many degrees?
ROT, 5-7°
Stabilization is controlled _________ and is MORE than just the strength of ________ muscles
mobility; superficial
What are the 4 variables of stabilization?
- joint integrity (cartilage)
- passive stiffness (ligaments)
- neural input
- muscle function
What are the characteristics of local muscles?
Type I fibers
deeper
stabilizers
postural
aerobic
closer to AOM
What are the characteristics of global muscles?
Type II fibers
superficial
rotary
spurt mm.
anaerobic
further from the AOM
Which two local muscles in the thoracolumbar spine are frontal plane stabilizers?
psoas and quadratus lumborum
Which two local muscles increase the contraction of multifidus in the thoracolumbar spine?
pelvic floor and transversus abdominus
Which two local muscles in the thoracolumabr spine if smaller result in a higher injury rate and LBP?
Multifidi and Rotatores
What happens to local and global mm. in our patients and why?
The local mucles become inhibited which cause the global muscles to overwork themselves
What are the 4 causes for inhibited muscles?
Pain, swelling, joint laxity, and disuse
With local muscles, pain, swelling, joint laxity, and disuse cause a _________ and ________ motor performance
decreased; delayed
With local muscles, pain, swelling, joint laxity, and disuse cause inhibition to which fiber muscles?
Type I
With local muscles, pain, swelling, joint laxity, and disuse cause local ______ _____ and ______ declines along with other muscle function
muscle atrophy; strength
With local muscles, pain, swelling, joint laxity, and disuse causes increased stress on ___- _____ structures
non-contractile
What are contractile structures?
muscle, tendon, fascia
What are non-contractile structures?
spinal nerve, bone, cartilage, ligament
With global muscles, pain, swelling, joint laxity, and disuse causes _______ and ________ motor activity
increased; insuficient
With global muscles, pain, swelling, joint laxity, and disuse causes atrophy that leads to….
fatty infiltration > 50% of muscle cross sectional area
With global muscles, pain, swelling, joint laxity, and disuse causes fiber transformation from type _____ to type ____
I; II
Normal muscle activity ____ _____ return spontaneously just bc the P! is gone
does not
Muscle activation of ____% is sufficient to keep stability and is suitable to improve ____ _______, so it doesn’t take a lot for improvement
30; muscular endurance
