Thoracic Wall & Respiratory Muscles Flashcards
What are the three subdivisions of the sternum?
Manubrium
Body of sternum
Xiphoid process
Thoracic cage is made up of …
ribs
What is another name for shoulder blade?
scapula
Manubriosternal joint
- alternative name
- where
- vertebral level
- Manubriosternal joint - sternal angle
- Between the manubrium and body of sternum
- T4/T5 vertebral level (2nd rib)
Xiphisternal joint
- where
- vertebral level
- Between body of sternum and xiphoid process
- T9 vertebral level
Why do our ribs and vertebral levels not align?
Because ribs are not perfectly horizontal!
How do we number intercostal spaces?
4th intercostal space would be below the 4th rib
The nipple is an important landmark of…
the T4 dermatome
Breasts contain a lot of what kind of tissue? (2)
Adipose and glandular tissue
Lobules in the breast can be in 2 states:
resting lobule
lactating lobule
The areola surrounds the… and is a…
The aureola surrounds the nipple and is a visual and tactile target for the infant during breastfeeding.
What intercostal space does the nipple align with?
With the space between rib 4 and rib 5 (4th intercostal space)
Embryonic mammary crest is also called…
milk line
Polymastia
Presence of more than two mammary glands (may include presence of extra breast tissue)
Polythelia
Presence of more than two nipples
What is the role of glandular tissue in the breast?
Production of colostrum (first milk) and milk
What is the indent at the top of the manubrium?
Sternal notch (aka jugular notch)
What vertebral level does the sternal/jugular notch align with?
T2/T3 vertebral level
Superior thoracic aperture follows…
the first (superior) thoracic rib
Inferior thoracic aperture follows…
the inferior border of our thoracic cage (infrasternal/subcostal angle + costal margin)
Thoracic outlet syndrome
Condition resulting from pressure on blood vessels and nerves between the collarbone and first rib.
How many rib pairs do we have?
12 rib pairs (corresponding to 12 pairs of thoracic nerves)
What are the “true ribs” and what are they called
- Vertebrocostal ribs (1-7)
- Ribs that attach directly to the sternum
What are the “false ribs” and what are they called
- Vertebrochondral ribs (8-10)
- Connect to sternum indirectly through the costal cartilage of the 7th rib
What are the “floating ribs” and what are they called
- Vertebral/free ribs (11-12)
- Do not attach to the sternum at all, only to the vertebrae in the back
Define synarthrosis and synostosis
Synarthrosis: Joint has little to no movement (e.g. manubrosternal joint and xiphisternal joint)
Synostosis: Fusion of bones (e.g. manubriosternal and xiphisternal joint often fuse in late adulthood)