Normal Physiology - Control of breathing Flashcards
What does the metabolic hyperbola describe?
Alveolar gas tensions for different levels of ventilation
Respiratory control system ensures…
stability of arterial blood gas partial pressures for O2 and CO2
How is respiratory control system an automatic system?
Because there is a respiratory pacemaker…
What is the Prebotzinger complex?
respiratory pacemaker
What is the nucleus of the solitary tract?
What is the Botzinger complex?
7th cranial nerve - parafacial respiratory ???
Where Co2 is predominantly sensed
What is KS
Kalakarfusa
Activity of the central controller is mediated by inputs from…
- chemoreceptors
- lung parenchymal and airway afferents
- chest wall
- upper airway
How are the carotid bodies involved in O2 sensitivity?
What are the cell types within the carotid bodies
capillary network, glomus cells, subtentacular cells, fibres of carotid sinus nerve
What do the fibres of carotid sinus nerves do?
Normally, in a carotid body there is a…
ouitward potassium current out of the glomus cells.
What happens to the otassium channels when O drops?
Potassium channels are blocked ….. action potential is generated…
What are gasotransmitters? Name .
Hemoxygenase II is consituitively expressed to produce…
carbon monoxide
When carbon monoxide is present in ….
To keep potassium channles open you need low levels of H2S
Describe the ventilatory response to hypoxia
Water and carbone dioxide are in equilibrium with… (Henderson Hasselbalch Equation) in the blood
Where is the co2 sensor
On the vcentral side of the medulla
Can the hydrogen ion cross the blood brain barrier? How is this solved?
No - equilibrium equation (?)
Where does CO2 sensing occur?
In retrotrapezoid nucleus
Describe hypoxia
Rapid, shallow (i.e. relatively greater increase in frequency than tidal volume)
Minimizes O2 cost of breathing (curvilinear pressure-volume relationship of lung inflation)
Describe hypercapnia
