Thoracic Wall, Pleura, & Mediastinum

Question 1

what are the bony parts of the thoracic wall?

Answer 1

• bony thorax
  -sternum
• ribs

Question 2

where are the superior aperture and inferior aperture located?

Answer 2

superior is the top opening of the thoracic cavity and is smaller, inferior is the bottom opening of the thoracic cavity and is larger

Question 3

which ribs are true, false, and free ribs?

Answer 3

1-7 true
8-10 false
11-12 wandering

Question 4

what are the different connective tissue layers in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 4

• external intercostal
• internal intercostal muscles
  -intercostal muscles (3)

Question 5

______ is the most superficial layer of muscles and the muscle goes from the outside–> in, just like putting hands in pockets

Answer 5

external intercostal muscles

Question 6

_________ is the intermediate layer of muscles that moves in the direction of in —> out

Answer 6

Internal intercostal muscles

Question 7

Intercostal muscles, the deepest layer, consists of what 3 types of muscles?

Answer 7

-Innermost intercostal muscles
-Subcostal muscles
-Transverse thoracic muscles

Question 8

_______ span 1 intercostal space, and ______ span 2 intercostal spaces

Answer 8

innermost intercostal muscles, subcostal muscles

Question 9

______ nerves are inbetween every rib and there are ___ pairs of them

Answer 9

VPRs, 11

Question 10

where are the subcostal nerves? how many of them are there?

Answer 10

below the 12th rib, 1 pair of them

Question 11

__________ artery runs down the sides of the sternum. what does it branch into?

Answer 11

Internal thoracic
-anterior intercostal arteries

Question 12

_______ arteries branch out from the aorta and subcostal artery

Answer 12

posterior intercostal

Question 13

the Posterior Intercostal veins drain into _____, and the
Anterior intercostal vein drains into________

Answer 13

azygous vein, internal thoracic vein

Question 14

The ______ is a tube that has 20 C-shaped cartilage rings (openings of C towards posterior) and maintains the patient airway

Answer 14

trachea

Question 15

where is the trachealis muscle?

Answer 15

posteriorly between the open ends of cartilage rings

Question 16

compare the right and left -bronchi

Answer 16

-Right: larger diameter, shorter, less acute angle
-Left: skinnier and longer distance (because heart on that side)

Question 17

what does the right lung consist of?

Answer 17

3 lobes:
-Superior lobe
-Middle lobe
-Inferior lobe
2 fissures:
-Oblique fissure
-Horizontal fissure

Question 18

what does the left lobe consist of?

Answer 18

2 lobes
-Superior lobe
-Inferior lobe
1 fissure
-Oblique fissure

Cardiac notch where heart sits

Question 19

compare the R and L lung roots

Answer 19

Right lung roots:
-Bronchus: posterior
-Pulmonary artery: between veins and bronchus
-Pulmonary veins: anterior and inferior

Left lung roots
-Bronchus: posterior
-Pulmonary artery: superior to bronchus (on top)
-Pulmonary veins: anterior and inferior (back and down)`

Question 20

the______ provides motor to diaphragm

Answer 20

phrenic

Question 21

where does the phrenic nerve originate from?

Answer 21

Originate from VPR 3,4,5

Question 22

____________ provides parasympathetic like Bronchoconstriction

Answer 22

Vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 23

the _____ functions in bronchodilation

Answer 23

sympathetic trunk

Question 24

________ is the serous membrane lining the thoracic cavity and enveloping the lungs

Answer 24

Pleura

Question 25

________ covers the lungs (phrenic and intercostal n.)
________ lines the pleural cavity (autonomics of lungs)

Answer 25

Visceral pleura,
Parietal pleura

Question 26

The _____ is anything not heart or lungs

Answer 26

Mediastinum

Question 27

what are the boundaries of the mediastinum

Answer 27

-Anterior: sternum and costal cartilages
-Posterior: thoracic vertebral bodies (esophagus)
-Superior: thoracic inlet
-Inferior: diaphragm
-Lateral: Pleura