muscle physiology 5

Question 1

what dictates muscle type?

Answer 1

myosin type

Question 2

how many types of actin are there?

Answer 2

just 1

Question 3

speed is in relation to what?

Answer 3

ATPase activity and release of ADP

Question 4

what type of muscle is Type I? what kind of people have more of this muscle?

Answer 4

Slow!
-endurance runners

Question 5

what type of muscle is IIb? what kind of people have more of this muscle?

Answer 5

fast
-sprinters

Question 6

Can Type I muscle tetanize? can IIb?

Answer 6

Type I = YES can tetanize
Type IIb = NO, can not tetanize

Question 7

which type of muscle has large amounts of Glycogen?

Answer 7

type IIb

Question 8

which type of muscle has a lot of mitochondria?

Answer 8

Type I

Question 9

which type of muscle has a lot of capillaries? why?

Answer 9

Type I, so it can collect O2

Question 10

which type of muscle has fast fatigue?

Answer 10

Type IIb

Question 11

what are 4 factors that control the speed at which a muscle contracts?

Answer 11

1. Load
2. ATPase activity
3. Speed of release of ADP
4. Release and re-uptake of Ca+

Question 12

what types of neurons are Type I and Type IIb muscles innervated by?

Answer 12

-Type I: innervated by small slower conducting neurons
-Type IIb: innervated by larger faster conducting neurons

Question 13

Denervation atrophy Causes the loss of ____ fibers

Answer 13

slow

Question 14

if you lose a nerve can you get it back?

Answer 14

no

Question 15

between the ages of 30-80 you lose about ____% muscle mass

Answer 15

30-50%

Question 16

when you age you mostly lose _____ fibers

Answer 16

fast (old people are slow!)

Question 17

Denture wearers bite with ______ of the force by dentate patients because the lack of chewing causes muscle atrophy

Answer 17

⅙-⅓

Question 18

what are the energy needs for a contraction?

Answer 18

1. Na-K+ pump
2. SR Ca+ pump
3. Phosphorylation of myosin head
4. Power stroke (uses most of energy)

Question 19

what are the 3 energy sources for contractions?

Answer 19

1. First ATP on myosin
2. Phosphocreatine
3. Aerobic glycolysis and B-oxidation

Question 20

1. Glycolysis = ___ net ATP
2. Citric acid cycle = ___ net ATPs per pyruvate (__ ATP per glucose)
3. Total = __ ATP
4. B-oxidation produces _____ ATP

Answer 20

1. 8
2. 15 per pyruvate, 30 per glucose
3. 38
4. a LOT of ATP (don’t need to know specific #)

Question 20

1. Glycolysis = ___ net ATP
2. Citric acid cycle = ___ net ATPs per pyruvate (__ ATP per glucose)
3. Total = __ ATP
4. B-oxidation produces _____ ATP

Answer 20

1. 8
2. 15 per pyruvate, 30 per glucose
3. 38
4. a LOT of ATP (don’t need to know specific #)

Question 21

how many ATP are produced by anaerobic glycolysis?

Answer 21

2

Question 22

is anaerobic glycolysis or TCA faster?

Answer 22

anaerobic glycolysis

Question 23

When you do recruitment, you always recruit _____ muscle fibers first, then _____

Answer 23

weakest, stronger

Question 24

Increase in amplitude and frequency = _____ force being produced

Answer 24

increase

Question 25

Recruit more units = _____ force

Answer 25

increase

Question 26

can you tetanize muscle at different tensions?

Answer 26

Yes, You CAN tetanize muscle at different tensions by changing the number of motor units involved

Question 27

______ is the restriction of range of motion of jaws (“lockjaw”)

Answer 27

Trismus

Question 28

what things can trismus refer to?

Answer 28

Tetanus
Jaw clenching
Trismus
TMJ injury