muscle physiology 5 Flashcards
what dictates muscle type?
myosin type
how many types of actin are there?
just 1
speed is in relation to what?
ATPase activity and release of ADP
what type of muscle is Type I? what kind of people have more of this muscle?
Slow!
-endurance runners
what type of muscle is IIb? what kind of people have more of this muscle?
fast
-sprinters
Can Type I muscle tetanize? can IIb?
Type I = YES can tetanize
Type IIb = NO, can not tetanize
which type of muscle has large amounts of Glycogen?
type IIb
which type of muscle has a lot of mitochondria?
Type I
which type of muscle has a lot of capillaries? why?
Type I, so it can collect O2
which type of muscle has fast fatigue?
Type IIb
what are 4 factors that control the speed at which a muscle contracts?
- Load
- ATPase activity
- Speed of release of ADP
- Release and re-uptake of Ca+
what types of neurons are Type I and Type IIb muscles innervated by?
-Type I: innervated by small slower conducting neurons
-Type IIb: innervated by larger faster conducting neurons
Denervation atrophy Causes the loss of ____ fibers
slow
if you lose a nerve can you get it back?
no
between the ages of 30-80 you lose about ____% muscle mass
30-50%
when you age you mostly lose _____ fibers
fast (old people are slow!)
Denture wearers bite with ______ of the force by dentate patients because the lack of chewing causes muscle atrophy
⅙-⅓
what are the energy needs for a contraction?
- Na-K+ pump
- SR Ca+ pump
- Phosphorylation of myosin head
- Power stroke (uses most of energy)
what are the 3 energy sources for contractions?
- First ATP on myosin
- Phosphocreatine
- Aerobic glycolysis and B-oxidation
- Glycolysis = ___ net ATP
- Citric acid cycle = ___ net ATPs per pyruvate (__ ATP per glucose)
- Total = __ ATP
- B-oxidation produces _____ ATP
- 8
- 15 per pyruvate, 30 per glucose
- 38
- a LOT of ATP (don’t need to know specific #)
- Glycolysis = ___ net ATP
- Citric acid cycle = ___ net ATPs per pyruvate (__ ATP per glucose)
- Total = __ ATP
- B-oxidation produces _____ ATP
- 8
- 15 per pyruvate, 30 per glucose
- 38
- a LOT of ATP (don’t need to know specific #)
how many ATP are produced by anaerobic glycolysis?
2
is anaerobic glycolysis or TCA faster?
anaerobic glycolysis
When you do recruitment, you always recruit _____ muscle fibers first, then _____
weakest, stronger
Increase in amplitude and frequency = _____ force being produced
increase
Recruit more units = _____ force
increase
can you tetanize muscle at different tensions?
Yes, You CAN tetanize muscle at different tensions by changing the number of motor units involved
______ is the restriction of range of motion of jaws (“lockjaw”)
Trismus
what things can trismus refer to?
Tetanus
Jaw clenching
Trismus
TMJ injury
