Thoracic Wall

Question 1

part of the body between the neck and the abdomen, including the cavity enclosed by the ribs, sternum, and dorsal vertebrae, and containing the chief organs of circulation and respiration; the chest.

Answer 1

thorax

Question 2

Protect vital thoracic/abdominal organs from external forces; Resist the negative internal pressure created by the elastic recoil of the lungs; Provide attachments for and support the weight of the upper limbs; Provide the origin for some upper limb muscles and attachments for muscles of the abdomen, neck, back & respiration.

Answer 2

function of thorax

Question 3

1-7 attach vertebrae to sternum

Answer 3

true ribs

Question 4

8-10 have cartilages attached to the cartilages of ribs superior

Answer 4

false ribs

Question 5

11-12 have cartilages ending in the posterior abdominal wall musculature

Answer 5

floating ribs

Question 6

Ribs and costal cartilages are separated by an _____

Answer 6

intercostal space

Question 7

Cartilages of 7-10 are joined to form the _______

Answer 7

infrasternal angle

Question 8

_______ is bounded by 1st thoracic vertebra, 1st pair of ribs, and superior border of manubrium.

Answer 8

Superior thoracic aperture (thoracic outlet or inlet)

Question 9

______ is closed by the diaphragm, and structures must pass through the diaphragm or behind it.

Answer 9

Inferior thoracic aperture

Question 10

_____ is a term used to describe a group of disorders that occur when there is compression, injury, or irritation of the brachial plexus and/or subclavian vessels in the lower neck and upper chest

Answer 10

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS)

Question 11

Caused by a bone abnormality present at birth

Answer 11

Congenital scoliosis

Question 12

A result of abnormal muscles or nerves. Frequently seen in people with spina bifida or cerebral palsy or in those with various conditions that are accompanied by, or result in, paralysis

Answer 12

Neuromuscular scoliosis

Question 13

This may result from traumatic bone collapse, previous major back surgery, or osteoporosis.

Answer 13

Degenerative scoliosis

Question 14

The most common type of scoliosis, idiopathic scoliosis, has no specific identifiable cause. There are many theories, but none have been found to be conclusive. There is, however, strong evidence that idiopathic scoliosis is inherited

Answer 14

Idiopathic scoliosis

Question 15

_______ rotate at the costotransverse joints.

Answer 15

Upper ribs (1-7)

Question 16

________ glide at the costotransverse joints.▪

Answer 16

Lower ribs (8-10

Question 17

Primary cartilaginous joints and they usually do not experience movement

Answer 17

costochondral joints

Question 18

Some are plane synovial joints (between costal cartilages 6-9); Some are fibrous (between cartilages 9 and 10)

Answer 18

interchondral joints

Question 19

1st joint is cartilaginous; Joints 2-7 are synovial plane joint

Answer 19

sternocostal joints

Question 20

occupy the intercostal spaces and function during respiration, both by moving the ribs and by helping to keep the intercostal spaces rigid.

Answer 20

intercostal muscles

Question 21

Attach superiorly to the inferior border of the rib above and inferiorly to the superior border of the rib below. Fibers run infero-anteriorly; Function to elevate ribs during forced inspiration; down and in

Answer 21

external intercostals

Question 22

the rib above and inferiorly to the superior rib below. Fibers run inferoposteriorly; Interosseous part functions to depress the ribs during forced respiration; They are separated by the intercostal neurovascular bundle; down and out

Answer 22

Internal & Innermost intercostals

Question 23

Attach superiorly to internal surfaces of lower ribs near their angles and inferiorly to superior borders of ribs 2 or 3 levels below; Fibers run in same orientation and blending with internal and innermost intercostals; Probably same function as internal intercostals

Answer 23

subcostalis

Question 24

Attaches superiorly on the posterior sternum and inferiorly on costal cartilages 2-6; Functions to depress ribs

Answer 24

Transversus thoracis

Question 25

O: Transverse processes, I: Rib below between tubercle and angle; A: Elevate ribs

Answer 25

Levator costae

Question 26

O: Spines of C7-T3; I: Ribs 2-4; A: Elevate ribs

Answer 26

Serratus posterior superior

Question 27

O: Spines of T11-L2; I: Ribs 8-12; A: Depress ribs

Answer 27

Serratus posterior inferior

Question 28

an area of the skin supplied by nerves from a single spinal root.

Answer 28

dermatome

Question 29

surgical opening through the thoracic wall to access the lungs, heart, esophagus, diaphragm, and the thoracic aorta

Answer 29

Thoracotomy

Question 30

a procedure to remove fluid from the space between the lining of the outside of the lungs (pleura) and the wall of the chest

Answer 30

Thoracentesis

Question 31

selective nerve root block primarily used to diagnose the specific source of nerve root pain and secondarily, for therapeutic relief of low back pain and/or leg pain.

Answer 31

Nerve root block

Question 32

Muscles raise the ribs during ______

Answer 32

inspiration

Question 33

The primary blood supply to the thoracic wall is derived from branches of the ____ and _____ arteries

Answer 33

aorta, subclavian

Question 34

Anterior intercostals 7-10 come from the ______ arteries.

Answer 34

musculophrenic

Question 35

Arises from the subclavian artery near its origin

Answer 35

internal thoracic artery

Question 36

anterior intercostal veins will drain back to the ______ or ______ veins

Answer 36

musculophrenic; internal thoracic

Question 37

descends into thorax 1.2 cm lateral to edge of sternum, and ends at the sixth costal cartilage by dividing musculophrenic and superior epigastric arteries

Answer 37

internal thoracic artery

Question 38

Give off anterior intercostal arteries to the first six intercostal spaces

Answer 38

internal thoracic vessels

Question 39

posterior intercostals 1-2 are supplied by

Answer 39

superior intercostal arteries

Question 40

posterior intercostal 3-10 are supplied by

Answer 40

branches of thoracic aorta

Question 41

posterior intercostals 1-3 are drained by

Answer 41

superior intercostal veins

Question 42

posterior intercostal 4-7 are drained by

Answer 42

accessory hemiazygos

Question 43

posterior intercostal 8-10 are drained by

Answer 43

hemiazygos