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Anatomy Exam 2 > Pericardium and Heart > Flashcards

Pericardium and Heart Flashcards

1
Q

is a fibrous sac surrounding the heart and roots of the great vessels.

A

The pericardium

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2
Q

outer layer of dense connective tissue that fuses superiorly with the tunica adventitia of SVC, ascending aorta, and pulmonary arteries; It is fused inferiorly with the central tendon of the diaphragm

A

The fibrous pericardium

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3
Q

Also reinforced by 2 sternopericardial ligaments anteriorly and posteriorly by loose CT attaches the pericardium to the tracheal bifurcation and main bronchi

A

fibrous pericardium

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4
Q

attachments of the ______ keep the heart in position and limit cardiac distension; prevents overfilling; inelastic

A

fibrous pericardium

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5
Q

Where the pleural sacs deviate, the pericardium contacts the posterior surface of the _______ and _______

A

sternum and 4th and 5th left intercostal spaces

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6
Q

Laterally, the mediastinal pleura drapes over the surface of the pericardium with the _______ and ________ sandwiched between pleura and pericardium

A

phrenic nerve and pericardiacophrenic artery and vein

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7
Q

Posteriorly, pericardium contacts the _______ , ________, and _______

A

esophagus, descending thoracic aorta, and main bronchi

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8
Q

The inner serous part of the pericardium is in the form of an enclosed sac with a potential space between the parietal and visceral layers called the

A

pericardial cavity

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9
Q

T/F: The pericardial cavity contains a thin film of fluid that enables the heart to move and beat in a relatively frictionless environment

A

True

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10
Q

The ______ of the serous pericardium is closely adherent to the fibrous pericardium.

A

parietal layer

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11
Q

The visceral layer of the serous pericardium is more loosely bound to the heart and is also called the

A

epicardium

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12
Q

The heart is completely invested in epicardium except the posterior, irregular area between the ______ and ______ where myocardium contacts fibrous pericardium

A

venae cavae and pulmonary vv.

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13
Q

a recess, a blind sac behind posterior side of the heart

A

oblique sinus

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14
Q

as heart folds in embryonic development, the venous end moves _____ and ______

A

posterior and up

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15
Q

venous end of heart and arterial end are separated by the

A

transverse sinus

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16
Q

Blood supply to the pericardium is via the

A

pericardiacophrenic arteries, musculophrenic arteries, branches of the thoracic aorta (bronchial, esophageal, and superior phrenic) and coronary arteries (to visceral layer only).

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17
Q

Venous drainage of the pericardium is via

A

pericardiacophrenic vv, internal thoracic vv., and tributaries of the azygos system

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18
Q

Somatic sensory innervation to the fibrous and parietal layers of pericardium is via the

A

phrenic nerves

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19
Q

Visceral sensory to the epicardium is via the

A

cardiac plexuses

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20
Q

T/F: The epicardium is sensitive to pain

A

False

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21
Q

inflammation, usually causes chest pain. occurs when the irritated layers of the pericardium rub against each other.

A

Pericarditis

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22
Q

is the presence of an abnormal amount of fluid and/or an abnormal character to fluid in the pericardial space. It can be caused by a variety of local and systemic disorders, or it may be idiopathic

A

Pericardial Effusion

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23
Q

buildup of blood or other fluid in pericardial sac that puts pressure on the heart which may prevent it from pumping effectively

A

cardiac tamponade

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24
Q

Right atrium is just inferior to

A

SVC

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25
Q

_____ is the smooth thin-walled posterior part of right atrium that receives deoxygenated blood from the ___________

A

sinus venarum; venae cavae and coronary sinus

26
Q

the part of the right atrium with pectinate muscles is divided from the sinus venarum by the

A

crista terminalis

27
Q

divides the right atrium from the left atrium

A

interatrial septum

28
Q

is a remnant of the fetal foramen ovale and valve.

A

fossa ovalis

29
Q

allows O2 blood to be shunted to the right atrium and resulting in an overloading of the pulmonary system; Subsequently, the right atrium, right ventricle and pulmonary trunk will become enlarged

A

patent foramen ovale

30
Q

right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium through the right atrioventricular orifice; Guarded by the ____ valve

A

tricuspid

31
Q

irregular muscular elevations on the internal surface of the right ventricle are the

A

trabeculae carneae

32
Q

is a cone-shaped pouch that leads into the pulmonary trunk

A

conus arteriosus

33
Q

is a semilunar valve guarding the pulmonary trunk

A

pulmonary valve

34
Q

Blood flowing through the right ventricle from right AV valve to pulmonary valve follows a _____ path, changing direction about _____

A

U-shaped; 140°

35
Q

3 cusps of tricuspid valve

A

anterior, posterior, and septal

36
Q

3 papillary muscles of tricuspid valve

A

anterior, posterior, and septal

37
Q

septomarginal trabeculum carries the right branch of the AV bundle to it)

A

Anterior papillary muscle

38
Q

prevent backflow into the atria during ventricular contraction.

A

the atrioventricular valves

39
Q

prevent the cusps from prolapsing into the atria

A

Papillary muscles and chordae tendineae

40
Q

in ventricular diastole, the AV valves are ____ and the semilunar valves are ______

A

open; closed

41
Q

in ventricular systole, the AV valves are ____ and the semilunar valves are ______

A

closed; open

42
Q

The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via

A

four pulmonary veins

43
Q

The left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium through the left atrioventricular orifice Guarded by the ____ valve.

A

mitral

44
Q

T/F: The trabeculae carneae are finer and more numerous in the right atrium than the left atrium

A

False

45
Q

The wall is of the left ventricle is ____ times as thick as right ventricle

A

2x

46
Q

part that leads into the aorta is smooth-walled and called the

A

aortic vestibule

47
Q

is a semilunar valve guarding the ascending aorta.

A

aortic valve

48
Q

Blood flowing through the left ventricle takes two right turns (around the anterior cusp) resulting in a

A

180°change in direction

49
Q

Opening between L & R ventricles, associated shunting of blood; most occur in muscular portion; membranous defects are often fixed surgically

A

ventricular septal defects (VSDs)

50
Q

2 mitral valve cusps of mitral valve

A

anterior and posterior

51
Q

2 papillary muscles of mitral valve

A

anterior and posterior

52
Q

most commonly diseased of the heart valves; more common in women; can erode endothelial surfaces of valve and predispose patient to endocardial infections; these occur when transient bacteremias seed abnormal endothelial surfaces

A

mitral valve

53
Q

pulmonary and aortic valves are ______ and are not associated w papillary muscles or chordae tendineae

A

tricuspid semilunar valves

54
Q

each semilunar valve cusp has a fibrous ______ at the midpoint of its free edge

A

nodule

55
Q

each semilunar valve cusp has a thin connective tissue area on either side of the nodule called the

A

lunule

56
Q

coronary arteries arise from the

A

aortic sinuses

57
Q

____ fill as the aortic sinuses fill following ventricular contraction

A

coronary arteries

58
Q

semilunar valve Cusps are named based on their

A

embryological origin, not their final position

59
Q

Pulmonary valve cusps

A

anterior, left and right

60
Q

aortic valve cusps

A

posterior, left and right

Anatomy Exam 2 (6 decks)

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