Mediastinum

Question 1

is divided by an imaginary plane that runs from the sternal angle to the T4 vertebrae

Answer 1

Mediastinum

Question 2

bounded anteriorly by the manubrium & posteriorly by vertebral bodies of T1-T4

Answer 2

Superior mediastinum

Question 3

bounded anteriorly by the body of the sternum and posteriorly by the vertebral bodies of the lower 8 thoracic vertebrae

Answer 3

Inferior mediastinum

Question 4

space between the pericardium and the sternum

Answer 4

Anterior mediastinum

Question 5

pericardium & heart;

Answer 5

Middle mediastinum

Question 6

between the pericardium and the vertebral column.

Answer 6

Posterior mediastinum

Question 7

contains neural, vascular and respiratory structures passing from the adjacent regions of the neck and abdomen (via the inferior mediastinum)

Answer 7

superior mediastinum

Question 8

In children, the superior mediastinum also contains the ______

Answer 8

thymus

Question 9

contributes to the development and maintenance of the immune system; It is large in childhood, but involutes after puberty and is replaced by fatty tissue; located in the lower part of the neck and anterior part of the superior mediastinum; It lies posterior to the manubrium and in children can extend into the anterior mediastinum to lie anterior to the pericardium

Answer 9

thymus

Question 10

Its blood supply is from the internal thoracic arteries and its venous drainage is via the internal thoracic and brachiocephalic veins

Answer 10

thymus

Question 11

lie within the superior mediastinum and their main branches arise before passing through the superior thoracic aperture; Arch of the Aorta; Pulmonary Trunk; Superior Vena Cava

Answer 11

The great systemic blood vessels of the heart

Question 12

draining blood from the upper body.

Answer 12

Brachiocephalic veins

Question 13

collects blood from the left 2nd and 3rd intercostal vein. It drains into the left brachiocephalic vein

Answer 13

Left superior intercostal vein

Question 14

drains the vein from first intercostal space directly into the brachiocephalic veins.

Answer 14

Supreme intercostal vein

Question 15

receiving blood from the right posterior intercostal veins.

Answer 15

Azygos vein

Question 16

tributaries of the superior vena cava are located within the superior mediastinum

Answer 16

brachiocephalic veins, left superior intercostal, supreme intercostal, azygos

Question 17

returns blood from all structures superior to the diaphragm except for the lungs & the heart

Answer 17

Superior vena cava (SVC)

Question 18

a vein formed by the union of the 4th to 7th posterior intercostal veins; empties into the azygos vein

Answer 18

Accessory hemiazygos vein

Question 19

is a vein running superiorly in the lower thoracic region, just to the left side of the vertebral column.

Answer 19

hemiazygos vein

Question 20

Exits from the right ventricle; Initially anterior to the aorta it moves medially & posteriorly; Bifurcates into the L/R pulmonary arteries

Answer 20

pulmonary trunk

Question 21

supplying the right side of the head & neck and the right upper limb.

Answer 21

Brachiocephalic artery

Question 22

supplies left side of the head & neck

Answer 22

Left Common carotid artery

Question 23

supplies the left upper limb

Answer 23

Left Subclavian artery

Question 24

The aorta begins with ascending aorta at the _____ of the _______Its branches are the L/R coronary arteries.

Answer 24

aortic orifice; left ventricle

Question 25

runs parallel to the trachea and passes posteriorly to the superior vena cava and the right primary bronchus

Answer 25

Right vagus nerve

Question 26

enters the superior mediastinum between the left common carotid and the left subclavian arteries. It descends anteriorly to the aortic arch before travelling posterior to the left bronchus.

Answer 26

Left vagus nerve

Question 27

around the right subclavian artery and ascends between the trachea & esophagus to supply the larynx

Answer 27

right recurrent laryngeal hooks

Question 28

arises from the left vagus nerve as it passes the aortic arch. It loops under the arch, to the left of ligamentum arteriosum, before continuing its journey to the larynx in the tracheal-esophageal groove.

Answer 28

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 29

Travels through the neck with the internal jugular veins and the common carotid arteries

Answer 29

vagus nerve

Question 30

After the nerves pass behind the main bronchi, they converge on the esophagus and form the ______; Just superior to the diaphragm, the plexus gives rise to two vagal trunks (the anterior and posterior vagal trunks).

Answer 30

esophageal plexus

Question 31

does not enter the mediastinum; it hooks around the right subclavian artery before ascending to the right side of the larynx; is also spatially related to the apex of the right lung

Answer 31

The right recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 32

hooks around the aortic arch and ascends in the groove between the trachea and the esophagus; spatially related to the lymph nodes of the aortic arch

Answer 32

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 33

brous remnant of the ductus arteriosus extending between the aortic arch and the pulmonary trunk

Answer 33

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 34

a fetal blood vessel that connects the left pulmonary artery to the descending aorta; In utero, serves as a bypass for the lungs

Answer 34

Ductus arteriosus

Question 35

From the anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle, (roots C3, C4 and C5) enter the superior mediastinum lateral to the great vessels. They then descend anteriorly into the middle mediastinum, passing anteriorly to the hilum of the lungs; Motor to diaphragm, sensory to mediastinal & diaphragmatic pleura

Answer 35

the phrenic nerves

Question 36

originate from the superior, middle and inferior cardiac ganglia and form the superficial and deep cardiac plexuses in the superior mediastinum.

Answer 36

Cardiac nerves

Question 37

sits between the aortic arch and right pulmonary vein

Answer 37

The superior plexus

Question 38

lies on the surface of the trachea at the point of bifurcation

Answer 38

The deep plexus

Question 39

runs bilaterally to the vertebral bodies along the entire length of the vertebral column

Answer 39

Sympathetic trunk

Question 40

Descends anterior to the esophagus; Posterior surface is flat where applied to the esophagus; Ends at the level of the sternal angle; Divides into L/R primary bronchi

Answer 40

Trachea

Question 41

relations in the mediastinum from inferior to superior

Answer 41

Trachea, Pulmonary, Aortic arch, Superior Vena Cava

Question 42

is the largest lymphatic channel in the body. It originates from the cisterna chyliin the abdomen and ascends through the posterior and superior mediastina to drain into the union of the left internal jugular and subclavian veins

Answer 42

thoracic duct

Question 43

drains lymph from the whole body except for the right side of the head and neck, the right upper limb, and the right side of the thorax and upper surface of the liver

Answer 43

thoracic duct

Question 44

these drain into the right jugular, subclavian, and bronchomediastinal trunks which enter the veins on the right side of the neck as the _______

Answer 44

right lymphatic duct

Question 45

The_______ (e.g., breasts) drain into the axillary and internal thoracic nodes

Answer 45

superficial tissues of the chest wall

Question 46

The ________ drain into the internal thoracic, intercostal, and diaphragmatic nodes, and subsequently into the thoracic duct.

Answer 46

deeper tissues

Question 47

The _____ via lymphatic vessels that follow the coronary arteries and ultimately drain to the inferior tracheobronchial nodes.

Answer 47

heart drains