Lungs

Question 1

Right and left lungs are contained within separate ______

Answer 1

pleural sacs

Question 2

Right and left lungs are separated from one another by the ________

Answer 2

heart and great vessels (middle mediastinum)

Question 3

Lungs are elastic (due to elastic fibers in the alveoli) and they recoil to about ____ their uninflated size when the thoracic cavity is opened

Answer 3

1/3

Question 4

They are suspended from the mediastinum by the ____ collection of structures entering and leaving the lungs. The medial surfaces of both lungs lie in close proximity to several mediastinal structures

Answer 4

lung root

Question 5

it is covered by cervical pleura and projects2-3cm through the superior thoracic aperture into the root of neck

Answer 5

Apex of lung

Question 6

surface of lung against the dome of the diaphragm

Answer 6

Diaphragmatic surface or Base of lung

Question 7

surface of lung adjacent the sternum,costal cartilages, the sternum, costal cartilages, ribs,and vertebrae

Answer 7

Costal surface of lung

Question 8

surface of lung adjacent to the mediastinum.

Answer 8

Mediastinal surface of the lung

Question 9

where costal and mediastinal surfaces meet anteriorly and overlap the heart; inferior border

Answer 9

Anterior border of the lung

Question 10

where costal and mediastinal surfaces meet broad and rounded broad and rounded

Answer 10

Posterior border of the lung

Question 11

2 lobes Superior [(Upper) and Inferior (Lower)]; Separated by Oblique fissure; Contains Cardiac notch and Lingula

Answer 11

Left lung

Question 12

analogous to the middle lobe of the right lung

Answer 12

Lingula

Question 13

3 Lobes: [Superior (upper), middle, inferior(lower)]; Oblique fissure between superior/ middle &inferior and Horizontal fissure between superior & middle;Larger & heavier; Shorter & wider

Answer 13

Right lung

Question 14

structures contained in the pulmonary sleeve and entering the hilum of the lung.

Answer 14

root of the lung

Question 15

refers to the area where the structures forming the root of the lung actually touch lung tissue

Answer 15

hilum of the lung (“doorway”)

Question 16

is where the mediastinal pleura passes laterally from the mediastinum to the visceral surface of the lung (becomes visceral pleura).

Answer 16

pulmonary ligament

Question 17

The trachea and bronchi are supported by

Answer 17

C-shaped cartilaginous rings

Question 18

branching system of air tubes in each lungs; from main bronchus to 65,000 terminal bronchioles

Answer 18

bronchial tree

Question 19

a 2-3cm branch arising from fork of trachea that is slightly wider and more vertical; aspirated foreign objects lodge here more often

Answer 19

right main bronchus

Question 20

about 5 cm long arising from fork of trachea; supported by c-shaped hyaline cartilage rings; slightly more horizontal and narrower

Answer 20

left main bronchus

Question 21

supported by crescent shaped cartilage plates; 3 on right, 2 on left

Answer 21

lobar bronchi

Question 22

supported by crescent shaped cartilage plates; 10 on right, and 8 on left

Answer 22

segmental bronchi

Question 23

functionally independent unit of lung tissue; Each consists of a segmental bronchus, a segmental branch of the pulmonary artery, and a segment of lung tissue surrounded by a thin CT septum; Can limit the spread of infection.More easily removed

Answer 23

bronchopulmonary segment

Question 24

Lined by “respiratory” epithelium = pseudostratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Answer 24

primary bronchi

Question 25

Drained by intersegmental pulmonary veins (in the connective tissue between adjacent segments)

Answer 25

bronchopulmonary segment

Question 26

Primary site of gas exchange

Answer 26

Alveoli

Question 27

run parallel to the bronchi, usually on the anterior aspect of the corresponding bronchus.

Answer 27

Pulmonary arteries

Question 28

run independent courses from arteries and bronchi

Answer 28

Pulmonary veins

Question 29

supply blood for nutrition of structures of the root of the lungs, supporting tissues of the lungs, and visceral pleura

Answer 29

Bronchial arteries

Question 30

Two left bronchial arteries arise directly from the ________

Answer 30

thoracic aorta

Question 31

provide branches to the upper esophagus before following along the posterior aspects of the main bronchi.

Answer 31

Bronchial arteries

Question 32

anastomose with pulmonary arteries in the walls of the bronchioles

Answer 32

Bronchial arteries

Question 33

drain some of the blood supplied by the bronchial arteries; some is drained by the pulmonary veins

Answer 33

Bronchial veins

Question 34

The right bronchial vein drains into the _____ and the left drains into the _______

Answer 34

azygos vein; accessory hemiazygos vein

Question 35

nerves of the lungs are derived from the anterior and posterior ______ plexuses. Branches follow bronchi and blood vessels into the lung

Answer 35

pulmonary

Question 36

Derived from the vagus nerve. They stimulate secretion from the bronchial glands, contraction of the bronchial smooth muscle, and vasodilation of the pulmonary vessels.

Answer 36

parasympathetic innervation of lungs

Question 37

Thoracic splanchnic nerves derived from the sympathetic trunks. They stimulate relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscle, and vasoconstriction of the pulmonary vessels

Answer 37

sympathetic innervation of lungs

Question 38

Conduct pain impulses to the sensory ganglion of the vagus nerve.

Answer 38

Visceral afferent/sensory innervation of lungs

Question 39

around bronchi & within connective tissue picks up carbon, dust particles & pollutants not filtered by the epithelium

Answer 39

Lymph nodes

Question 40

lymph flow of lungs

Answer 40

Lymph drains -> pulmonary nodes in lung -> bronchopulmonary nodes(hilum) –Tracheobronchial nodes -> L/R Bronchomediastinal trunks

Question 41

Infection of the alveoli; Viral, bacterial,fungal; May involve segment,lobe or entire lung; Swelling of alveolar walls & fluid in the alveolar spaces; Reduces capacity for gas exchange

Answer 41

pneumonia

Question 42

Smoking-related disease; the main form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD); Loss of area (alveoli) available for gas exchange due to destruction of elastic tissue; Alveoli lose the ability to stretch and recoil.; Alveoli expand but can’t contract/exhale air

Answer 42

Emphysema

Question 43

Cannot exhale effectively; Stagnant, oxygen-poor air becomes trapped in the dilated alveoli; Increased chest size or “barrel chest” (from abnormally expanded lungs in emphysema)

Answer 43

Emphysema

Question 44

the second most common malignancy after prostate; cancer in men and breast cancer in women; the leading cause of smoking-and cancer-related mortality in both sexes; Originates in the epithelium; manifest with symptoms produced by the primary tumor, locoregional spread, and metastatic disease; Pulmonary symptoms include: chronic cough, hemoptysis (coughing up blood),excess pulmonary mucus production & increased infections

Answer 44

lung cancer

Question 45

surface impressions on the mediastinal surface of the right lung include:

Answer 45

right brachiocephalic vein, right subclavian vein, azygous vein, esophagus, and heart/cardiac impression

Question 46

surface impressions on the mediastinal surface of the left lung include:

Answer 46

heart, thoracic aorta, esophagus, and left subclavian artery