Heart Vasculature and Innervation

Question 1

supply the myocardium and epicardium

Answer 1

coronary arteries

Question 2

right and left coronary arteries arise from the

Answer 2

right and left aortic sinuses

Question 3

gives rise to the atrioventricular (AV) nodal artery

Answer 3

Posterior interventricular artery (posterior descending artery)

Question 4

are functionally end arteries

Answer 4

The coronary arteries

Question 5

left coronary artery consists of

Answer 5

circumflex and anterior ventricular artery (left anterior descending artery or LAD)

Question 6

right coronary artery consists of

Answer 6

right marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery (posterior descending artery)

Question 7

is an artery that is the only supply of oxygenated blood to a portion of tissue. They do not anastomose with other arteries or arterial branches of the same artery.

Answer 7

end artery(or terminal artery)

Question 8

branches of the coronary arteries are not true end arteries, because

Answer 8

numerous anastomoses take place between the left and right coronary arteries (intercoronary anastomoses)…and between branches of the same artery (intracoronary anastomoses)

Question 9

4 branches of right coronary artery

Answer 9

SA nodal, right marginal, AV nodal, and posterior interventricular

Question 10

The ________ artery supplies the right atrium, right ventricle, posterior 1/3 of interventricular septum, and SA and AV nodes

Answer 10

right coronary artery

Question 11

2 branches of left coronary artery

Answer 11

anterior interventricular (LAD) and circumflex

Question 12

the _______ artery supplies the left atrium, left ventricle, portion of right ventricle, interventricular septum (anterior 2/3) and AV node; can supply SA node from circumflex

Answer 12

left coronary artery

Question 13

the _____ artery supplies the left atrium, lateral left ventricle, inferior ventricle (15%), posterior left ventricle, SA node (40%) and AV node (10-15%)

Answer 13

circumflex

Question 14

runs is the coronary sulcus

Answer 14

right coronary artery

Question 15

supplies SA node

Answer 15

SA nodal artery

Question 16

supplies right ventricle cut does not reach apex

Answer 16

right marginal artery

Question 17

most common blockage of the coronary arteries

Answer 17

Anterior interventricular artery (LAD)

Question 18

of the coronary arterial system is defined by the artery that gives rise to the posterior interventricular artery

Answer 18

Dominance

Question 19

Most hearts are ____ dominant

Answer 19

right

Question 20

in which both RCA and LCA give rise to branches that course in or near the posterior interventricular groove occurs in about 18%.

Answer 20

Codominance

Question 21

lipid deposits in the intima of coronary arteries

Answer 21

coronary atherosclerosis

Question 22

treatments for coronary artery disease include

Answer 22

lifestyle changes, medications, angioplasty, and surgery (CABG)

Question 23

Sudden occlusion of a major artery (by an embolus); Region of heart supplied by occluded vessels become infarcted (rendered bloodless) and becomes necrotic (tissue death)

Answer 23

myocardial infarction

Question 24

most common cause of myocardial infarction

Answer 24

coronary artery insufficiency from atherosclerosis

Question 25

heart is drained mainly by veins that empty into the

Answer 25

coronary sinus

Question 26

drain directly into the right atrium

Answer 26

anterior cardiac veins

Question 27

runs toward the right side of the heart and drains into the right atrium

Answer 27

coronary sinus

Question 28

is located in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava and the superior end of the crista terminalis; initiates cardiac muscle contraction contraction and determines heart rate

Answer 28

SA node

Question 29

is located in the interatrial septum just superior to the opening of the coronary sinus

Answer 29

AV node

Question 30

passes from the AV node in the membranous part of the interventricular septum and divides into right and left

Answer 30

AV bundle

Question 31

Carry signal into papillary mm. to coordinate their contraction with systole

Answer 31

purkinje fibers

Question 32

network of specialized tissue that stimulates contraction, modified cardiac myocytes, the heart can contract without any innervation

Answer 32

conducting system

Question 33

Preganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in the lateral horns of spinal cord segments

Answer 33

T1-T5

Question 34

are located in the cervical and superior thoracic paravertebral ganglia

Answer 34

Postganglionic cells

Question 35

The postsynaptic fibers are carried in ________, contributing to the cardiac plexus and ending in the SA and AV nodes and in relation to the termination of parasympathetic fibers on the coronary arteries

Answer 35

cardiopulmonary thoracic splanchnic nerves

Question 36

_______ is responsible for increasing heart rate, impulse conduction, force of heart beat, and blood flow in coronary arteries

Answer 36

Sympathetic innervation

Question 37

is via preganglionic fibers located in the vagus nerve

Answer 37

Parasympathetic innervation

Question 38

are located in the cardiac tissue (atrial wall and interatrial septum near the SA and AV nodes and along coronary arteries).

Answer 38

Postganglionic cells

Question 39

end in the SA and AV nodes and directly on the coronary arteries.

Answer 39

Postsynaptic fibers

Question 40

is responsible for decreasing heart rate, force of contraction, and constricting coronary arteries.

Answer 40

Parasympathetic stimulation

Question 41

Visceral pain pathways for the heart follow the path of the _______ backward

Answer 41

sympathetics

Question 42

Visceral sensory pathways that participate in reflex actions that lower blood pressure and slow the heart rate are carried in the

Answer 42

vagus nerve (CN X)

Question 43

branches of the internal iliac arteries and they carry unoxygenated blood away from the fetus; become the medial umbilical ligaments of the anterior abdominal wall.

Answer 43

2 umbilical arteries

Question 44

carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus; drains into the ducutus venosus which drains into the IVC and bypasses the liver

Answer 44

1 umbilical vein

Question 45

2 primary features of fetal heart

Answer 45

ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale

Question 46

in fetal circulation, blood from superior vena cava to right atrium to right ventricle shunted to aorta from the pulmonary trunk through

Answer 46

ductus arteriosus

Question 47

in fetal circulation, blood from inferior vena cava goes to the left atrium from right atrium through the

Answer 47

foramen ovale

Question 48

great cardiac vein follows ______ artery before draining into coronary sinus

Answer 48

anterior interventricular artery (LAD)

Question 49

small cardiac vein follows ______ artery before draining into coronary sinus

Answer 49

right marginal artery

Question 50

middle cardiac vein follows ______ artery before draining into coronary sinus

Answer 50

posterior interventricular artery