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Anatomy Exam 2 > Heart Vasculature and Innervation > Flashcards

Heart Vasculature and Innervation Flashcards

1
Q

supply the myocardium and epicardium

A

coronary arteries

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2
Q

right and left coronary arteries arise from the

A

right and left aortic sinuses

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3
Q

gives rise to the atrioventricular (AV) nodal artery

A

Posterior interventricular artery (posterior descending artery)

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4
Q

are functionally end arteries

A

The coronary arteries

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5
Q

left coronary artery consists of

A

circumflex and anterior ventricular artery (left anterior descending artery or LAD)

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6
Q

right coronary artery consists of

A

right marginal artery and posterior interventricular artery (posterior descending artery)

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7
Q

is an artery that is the only supply of oxygenated blood to a portion of tissue. They do not anastomose with other arteries or arterial branches of the same artery.

A

end artery(or terminal artery)

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8
Q

branches of the coronary arteries are not true end arteries, because

A

numerous anastomoses take place between the left and right coronary arteries (intercoronary anastomoses)…and between branches of the same artery (intracoronary anastomoses)

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9
Q

4 branches of right coronary artery

A

SA nodal, right marginal, AV nodal, and posterior interventricular

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10
Q

The ________ artery supplies the right atrium, right ventricle, posterior 1/3 of interventricular septum, and SA and AV nodes

A

right coronary artery

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11
Q

2 branches of left coronary artery

A

anterior interventricular (LAD) and circumflex

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12
Q

the _______ artery supplies the left atrium, left ventricle, portion of right ventricle, interventricular septum (anterior 2/3) and AV node; can supply SA node from circumflex

A

left coronary artery

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13
Q

the _____ artery supplies the left atrium, lateral left ventricle, inferior ventricle (15%), posterior left ventricle, SA node (40%) and AV node (10-15%)

A

circumflex

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14
Q

runs is the coronary sulcus

A

right coronary artery

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15
Q

supplies SA node

A

SA nodal artery

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16
Q

supplies right ventricle cut does not reach apex

A

right marginal artery

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17
Q

most common blockage of the coronary arteries

A

Anterior interventricular artery (LAD)

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18
Q

of the coronary arterial system is defined by the artery that gives rise to the posterior interventricular artery

A

Dominance

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19
Q

Most hearts are ____ dominant

A

right

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20
Q

in which both RCA and LCA give rise to branches that course in or near the posterior interventricular groove occurs in about 18%.

A

Codominance

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21
Q

lipid deposits in the intima of coronary arteries

A

coronary atherosclerosis

22
Q

treatments for coronary artery disease include

A

lifestyle changes, medications, angioplasty, and surgery (CABG)

23
Q

Sudden occlusion of a major artery (by an embolus); Region of heart supplied by occluded vessels become infarcted (rendered bloodless) and becomes necrotic (tissue death)

A

myocardial infarction

24
Q

most common cause of myocardial infarction

A

coronary artery insufficiency from atherosclerosis

25
Q

heart is drained mainly by veins that empty into the

A

coronary sinus

26
Q

drain directly into the right atrium

A

anterior cardiac veins

27
Q

runs toward the right side of the heart and drains into the right atrium

A

coronary sinus

28
Q

is located in the wall of the right atrium near the opening of the superior vena cava and the superior end of the crista terminalis; initiates cardiac muscle contraction contraction and determines heart rate

A

SA node

29
Q

is located in the interatrial septum just superior to the opening of the coronary sinus

A

AV node

30
Q

passes from the AV node in the membranous part of the interventricular septum and divides into right and left

A

AV bundle

31
Q

Carry signal into papillary mm. to coordinate their contraction with systole

A

purkinje fibers

32
Q

network of specialized tissue that stimulates contraction, modified cardiac myocytes, the heart can contract without any innervation

A

conducting system

33
Q

Preganglionic sympathetic neuron cell bodies are located in the lateral horns of spinal cord segments

A

T1-T5

34
Q

are located in the cervical and superior thoracic paravertebral ganglia

A

Postganglionic cells

35
Q

The postsynaptic fibers are carried in ________, contributing to the cardiac plexus and ending in the SA and AV nodes and in relation to the termination of parasympathetic fibers on the coronary arteries

A

cardiopulmonary thoracic splanchnic nerves

36
Q

_______ is responsible for increasing heart rate, impulse conduction, force of heart beat, and blood flow in coronary arteries

A

Sympathetic innervation

37
Q

is via preganglionic fibers located in the vagus nerve

A

Parasympathetic innervation

38
Q

are located in the cardiac tissue (atrial wall and interatrial septum near the SA and AV nodes and along coronary arteries).

A

Postganglionic cells

39
Q

end in the SA and AV nodes and directly on the coronary arteries.

A

Postsynaptic fibers

40
Q

is responsible for decreasing heart rate, force of contraction, and constricting coronary arteries.

A

Parasympathetic stimulation

41
Q

Visceral pain pathways for the heart follow the path of the _______ backward

A

sympathetics

42
Q

Visceral sensory pathways that participate in reflex actions that lower blood pressure and slow the heart rate are carried in the

A

vagus nerve (CN X)

43
Q

branches of the internal iliac arteries and they carry unoxygenated blood away from the fetus; become the medial umbilical ligaments of the anterior abdominal wall.

A

2 umbilical arteries

44
Q

carries oxygenated blood from the placenta to the fetus; drains into the ducutus venosus which drains into the IVC and bypasses the liver

A

1 umbilical vein

45
Q

2 primary features of fetal heart

A

ductus arteriosus and foramen ovale

46
Q

in fetal circulation, blood from superior vena cava to right atrium to right ventricle shunted to aorta from the pulmonary trunk through

A

ductus arteriosus

47
Q

in fetal circulation, blood from inferior vena cava goes to the left atrium from right atrium through the

A

foramen ovale

48
Q

great cardiac vein follows ______ artery before draining into coronary sinus

A

anterior interventricular artery (LAD)

49
Q

small cardiac vein follows ______ artery before draining into coronary sinus

A

right marginal artery

50
Q

middle cardiac vein follows ______ artery before draining into coronary sinus

A

posterior interventricular artery

Anatomy Exam 2 (6 decks)

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