Diaphragm & Pleurae

Question 1

A movable median partition of the thoracic cavity that extends superiorly to the thoracic outlet/root of the neck & inferiorly to the respiratory diaphragm. It extends anteriorly to the sternum and posteriorly to the vertebral bodies

Answer 1

Mediastinum

Question 2

skeletal muscle lined by pleura (superiorly) and peritoneum (inferiorly) that separates the thoracic and abdominal viscera

Answer 2

Respiratory Diaphragm

Question 3

Bounded by the thoracic cage & respiratory diaphragm. It extends upward to the thoracic outlet/inlet

Answer 3

Thoracic cavity

Question 4

Mediastinum is divided by an imaginary plane that runs from the _____ to the _____ vertebrae

Answer 4

sternal angle; T4

Question 5

part of mediastinum bounded anteriorly by the manubrium & posteriorly by vertebral bodies of T1-T4

Answer 5

Superior mediastinum

Question 6

part of mediastinum bounded anteriorly by the body of the sternum and posteriorly by the vertebral bodies of the lower 8 thoracic vertebrae

Answer 6

Inferior mediastinum

Question 7

space between the pericardium and the sternum

Answer 7

Anterior mediastinum

Question 8

pericardium & heart

Answer 8

Middle mediastinum

Question 9

between the pericardium and the vertebral column

Answer 9

Posterior mediastinum

Question 10

Thin muscular & tendinous septum that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity; It is dome-shaped (convex superiorly) & consists of a peripheral muscular part, which arises from the lateral walls of the thorax (sternal, costal & lumbar) & a centrally placed tendon; It is pierced by structures that pass between the thorax & abdomen; It is the most important muscle of respiration.

Answer 10

Respiratory diaphragm

Question 11

of the diaphragm are musculotendinous bands that arise from the anterior surface of L1-3/IVDs & the anterior longitudinal ligament

Answer 11

crura

Question 12

_____ crus is larger and longer (L1-L3/L4) than ____ crus (L1 –L2/L3)

Answer 12

Right; Left

Question 13

unites the crura and forms the aortic hiatus

Answer 13

Median arcuate ligament

Question 14

thickening of fascia (psoas major)

Answer 14

Medial arcuate ligament

Question 15

thickening of fascia (quadratus lumborum)

Answer 15

Lateral arcuate ligament

Question 16

(Inferior) Cavalhiatus –T8•Esophageal hiatus –T10•Aortic hiatus –T12

Answer 16

Diaphragmatic apertures

Question 17

Diaphragm Innervated (somatic motor) by the ____ nerve (C3-5); also carries sensory information (pain & proprioception)

Answer 17

phrenic

Question 18

Peripheral parts of the diaphragm also receive some sensory innervation from _____.

Answer 18

lower intercostal nerves

Question 19

lining of the thoracic cavity; serous membranes forming closed sacs

Answer 19

pleura/ pleural membrane

Question 20

adheres to lungs, continuous with parietal pleura at root of the lung

Answer 20

visceral pleura

Question 21

lines the thoracic cavity

Answer 21

parietal pleura

Question 22

Potential space between layers of pleura; Contains a small amount of serous pleural fluid.

Answer 22

pleural cavity

Question 23

Lubricates pleural surfaces & allows layers to slide smoothly over one another during respiration.

Answer 23

serous pleural fluid

Question 24

Lines, usually projected onto the surface of the thoracic wall, indicating the abrupt change in direction of the parietal pleura as it passes from one wall of the pulmonary cavity to another.

Answer 24

pleural reflections

Question 25

Usually, the lung does not completely fill the pleural cavity; Therefore there are places where parietal pleurae can appose each other; They are occupied by the lungs only on (forced) deep inspirations

Answer 25

pleural recesses

Question 26

slit like space between costal and diaphragmatic pleurae, along inferior border of the lung which enters through it in deep inspiration

Answer 26

costadiaphragmatic pleural recess

Question 27

slit like space between costal and mediastinal pleurae along the anterior border of the lung which enters into it in deep inspiration

Answer 27

costomedial pleural recess

Question 28

sometimes referred to as “water on the lungs,” is the build-up of excess fluid between the layers of the pleura outside the lungs.

Answer 28

pleural effusion

Question 29

is a procedure in which a needle is inserted into the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall.

Answer 29

Thoracentesis

Question 30

air between the visceral and parietal pleura; can be caused by a blunt or penetrating chest injury, certain medical procedures, or damage from underlying lung disease. Or it may occur for no obvious reason;Symptoms usually include sudden chest pain and shortness of breath; Treatment usually involves inserting a flexible tube or needle between the ribs to remove the excess air. However, a small pneumothorax may heal on its own

Answer 30

pneumothorax

Question 31

Arterial supply for visceral pleurae is from the branches of the ____ and _____ arterial systems

Answer 31

bronchial; pulmonary

Question 32

The veins for visceral pleurae drain to the _____ veins & some to the ____ vein

Answer 32

azygos/hemiazygos; pulmonary

Question 33

Arise from the thoracic aorta.;1-2 for each lung; Supply oxygenated blood to the nonrespiratory tissues of the lung & visceral pleura

Answer 33

bronchial arteries

Question 34

Anastomoses of bronchial arteries occur between the capillaries of the _____ and _____ systems

Answer 34

bronchial; pulmonary

Question 35

Cervical and costal pleura are supplied blood by

Answer 35

intercostal vessels

Question 36

Diaphragmatic pleura are supplied blood by the : _____ on the periphery & ______ near central tendon

Answer 36

intercostal vessels; pericardiacophrenic vessels

Question 37

Mediastinal pleura are supplied blood by the _____

Answer 37

Pericardiacophrenic vessels

Question 38

T/F Venous drainage from the parietal pleura would be to the companion veins of the arterial supply.

Answer 38

True

Question 39

T/F Visceral pleura have no nerve innervation

Answer 39

True

Question 40

Identical to the vascular supply, also supplied by nerves which supply the structures they cover

Answer 40

Parietal pleura

Question 41

Cervical and costal pleura is innervated by the ______

Answer 41

intercostal nerves

Question 42

Diaphragmatic pleura is innervated by the _____ & _____ at central tendon

Answer 42

intercostal nerves; phrenic nerves

Question 43

Mediastinal pleura is innervated by _______

Answer 43

Phrenic nerves