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ANAT 314 Material > Thoracic Wall > Flashcards

Thoracic Wall Flashcards

1
Q

The thorax is bounded by…

A

The thoracic vertebrae (T1-T12), the sternum and the ribs

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2
Q

What characterizes true ribs?

A

Direct insertion to the sternum via costal cartilage

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3
Q

What characterizes false ribs?

A

Indirect insertion onto sternum via costal margin

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4
Q

What characterizes floating ribs?

A

No insertion on sternum

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5
Q

What are the two posterior articulations of a typical rib?

A

Rib head with bodies of two thoracic vertebrae and rib tubercle with thoracic transverse process of same level

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6
Q

What is the anterior articulation of a typical rib?

A

Costal cartilage with sternum

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7
Q

Which ribs have no costovertebral articulation with the superior vertebral body?

A

Ribs 1, 10-12

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8
Q

Which ribs have no costotransverse joint?

A

Ribs 11-12

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9
Q

What is the joint type of the costovertebral joint?

A

Synovial, plane/gliding

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10
Q

What is the joint type of the costotransverse joint?

A

Synovial, plane/gliding

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11
Q

Which rib is at the same level as the jugular notch?

A

Rib 1 (T2)

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12
Q

Which rib is at the same level as the manubriosternal joint?

A

Rib 2 (T4/5)

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13
Q

Which rib is at the same level as the xiphisternal joint?

A

Rib 7 (T9)

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14
Q

Which rib articulations with the sternum allow movement?

A

Sternocostal (plane/gliding) and interchondral (plane/gliding)

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15
Q

What are the movements of the thoracic wall?

A

Pump-handle and bucket-handle movements

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16
Q

What are the inferior and superior attachments of the external intercostal muscles?

A

Ribs to costal cartilages anteriorly

17
Q

What is the fiber orientation of the external intercostal muscles?

A

Obliquely towards anterior and inferior (hands in pockets)

18
Q

What is the function of the external intercostal muscles?

A

Elevation of ribs and sternum during forceful inspiration

19
Q

What are the inferior and superior attachments of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

Sternum anteriorly to the costal angle posteriorly

20
Q

What is the fiber orientation of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

Perpendicular to the external intercostals

21
Q

What is the function of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

Depression of ribs and sternum during forceful expiration

22
Q

What are the other accessory muscles of respiration?

A

Scalenes (rib elevation), innermost intercostal muscles (rib depression), transversus thoracis (rib depression), levatores costarum (rib elevation), serratus posterior superior (rib elevation), serratus posterior inferior (rib depression)

23
Q

What is the main muscle of respiration?

A

Diaphragm

24
Q

What are the peripheral and central attachments of the diaphragm?

A

Along circumference of the interior thoracic aperture to itself via a central tendon

25
Q

What innervates the diaphragm?

A

Phrenic nerves

26
Q

What is the function of the diaphragm?

A

Resting respiration

27
Q

What are the hiatuses of the diaphragm?

A

IVC, esophagus and aorta

28
Q

What does damage to one phrenic nerve cause?

A

Unilateral paralysis of diaphragm

29
Q

Where does the blood supply to the intercostals and thoracic wall come from?

A

Intercostal arteries

30
Q

Where do the posterior intercostal arteries come from?

A

Thoracic aorta

31
Q

Where do the anterior intercostal arteries come from?

A

Internal thoracic artery (ICA)

31
Q

When the posterior and anterior intercostal arteries join together, they form an….

A

Anastomosis

32
Q

Which blood vessels supply to the thoracic side of the diaphragm?

A

Musculophrenic and pericardiophrenic arteries

33
Q

Which nerves run through the thoracic wall?

A

Intercostal nerves

34
Q

What are the areas of skin associated with these dermatome levels? T4, T6 and T10

A

T4 - Nipple
T6 - Xiphoid process
T10 - Umbilicus

ANAT 314 Material (22 decks)

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