Gait Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two major gaits?

A

Walking and running

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2
Q

Which phase of the walking gait cycle takes up 60%?

A

Stance phase

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3
Q

Which phase takes up 40% of the walking gait cycle?

A

Swing phase

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4
Q

Which steps make up the double support phase of the stance phase?

A

Initial contact (A), loading response (B) and pre-swing (E)

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5
Q

Which steps make up the single support phase of the stance phase?

A

Mild stance (C), terminal stance (D)

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6
Q

True or false: The swing phase only has single support phases

A

True

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7
Q

What are the steps of swing phase?

A

Initial swing (F), mid swing (G), terminal swing (H)

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8
Q

During the gait cycle, the lower limb muscles must _________ the body forward by generating _________ motions of the limb segments and __________ body weight that produce unwanted torques at some of the lower limb joints

A

Propel; angular; support

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9
Q

What is the largest joint motions in the sagittal plane?

A

Flexion/extension

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10
Q

What joint motions occur in the coronal plane?

A

Abduction/adduction

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11
Q

What joint motions occur in the transverse plane?

A

Medial/lateral rotation

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12
Q

What muscle groups are involved in the steps A and B?

A

Ankle dorsiflexors, hip extensors, knee extensors and plantarflexors

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13
Q

Which muscle groups are involved in steps C to E?

A

Plantarflexors, intrinsic foot muscles (plantar), hip flexors, ankle dorsiflexors

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14
Q

Which muscle groups are involved in steps F to H?

A

Hip flexors, knee flexors, ankle dorsiflexors, hip adductors

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15
Q

What role do hip abductors have in the stance phase?

A

Oppose hip adduction during single support phase

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16
Q

During stance phase, the hip rotates ____________ and during swing phase, the hip rotates ______________

A

Medially; laterally

17
Q

What characterizes abnormal gaits?

A

May be temporary, may be unilateral or bilateral, may affect timing of gait cycle events

18
Q

What happens if gluteus maximus is paralyzed and what is the compensation?

A

No control of hip flexion
Shift trunk posteriorly, moving GRF line of action posterior to the hip joint

19
Q

What happens if hip abductors are paralyzed and what is the compensation?

A

Loss of control of contralateral drop of the pelvis
Shift trunk over the stance leg

20
Q

What is the Trendelenburg gait?

A

Lateral shift of trunk over the stance leg and excessive pelvic drop

21
Q

What happens if the quadriceps are paralyzed and what is the compensation?

A

Prevents smooth control of knee flexion
Shift trunk forward over the stance leg

22
Q

What happens if ankle dorsiflexors are paralyzed and what is the compensation?

A

Prevents smooth control of plantarflexion leading to foot slap
Exaggerate knee and hip flexion; shift to striking ground with midfoot