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ANAT 314 Material > Neck Muscles > Flashcards

Neck Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

Which extrinsic neck muscles are the most superficial posteriorly?

A

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

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2
Q

Which intrinsic neck muscles are deep posteriorly?

A

Semispinalis capitis and splenius

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3
Q

Which intrinsic neck muscles are deepest posteriorly?

A

Suboccipital muscles

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4
Q

What are the muscles of the superficial anterior group?

A

Sternocleidomastoid and hyoid muscles

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5
Q

Which neck muscles are deep anteriorly?

A

Rectus capitis anterior, rectus capitis lateralis, longus capitis, longus colli

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6
Q

Which neck muscles are lateral?

A

Scalenes

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7
Q

What are the inferior attachments of splenius?

A

Nuchal ligament and spinous processes T6-C7

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8
Q

What are the superior attachments of splenius?

A

Transverse processes C1-C3 and mastoid process

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9
Q

What are the functions of splenius?

A

Bilateral = extension of cervical spine
Unilateral = ipsilateral lateral flexion and rotation of head/cervical spine

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10
Q

What innervates splenius?

A

Posterior rami

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11
Q

What are the inferior attachments of semispinalis capitis?

A

Sides of C4-T6

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12
Q

What is the superior attachment of semispinalis capitis?

A

Occipital bone

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13
Q

What are the functions of semispinalis capitis?

A

Bilateral = extension of spine and head
Unilateral = ipsilateral lateral flexion

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14
Q

What innervates semispinalis capitis?

A

Posterior rami (greater occipital nerve) of C2 and C3

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15
Q

What are the inferior and superior attachments of rectus capitis posterior minor and major?

A

RCP minor = SP of C1 to occipital
RCP major = SP of C2 to occipital

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16
Q

What are the functions of RCP minor and major?

A

Extension (bilateral) and ipsilateral flexion of head, ipsilateral rotation of head (major)

17
Q

What are the inferior and superior attachments of obliquus capitis superior and inferior?

A

OC superior = TP of C1 to occipital
OC inferior = SP of C2 to TP of C1

18
Q

What are the functions of OC superior and inferior?

A

Extension (bilateral) and ipsilateral flexion of head, ipsilateral rotation of head (inferior)

19
Q

What innervates the suboccipital muscles?

A

Posterior rami (suboccipital nerve)

20
Q

What are the borders of the suboccipital triangle?

A

Sup. = Rectus capitis posterior major
Inf. = Obliquus capitis inferior
Lat. = Obliquus capitis superior
Floor = Semispinalis capitis

21
Q

Which vessels pass through the suboccipital triangle?

A

Vertebral artery and suboccipital nerve

22
Q

How does the vertebral artery pass through the suboccipital triangle to the transverse foramina?

A

Horizontal, then vertical passing through the transverse foramina

23
Q

What may cause tension headaches?

A

Tension of the posterior neck muscles countering flexion torques at the atlanto-occipital joint

24
Q

What are the inferior and superior attachments of the sternocleidomastoid?

A

Sternum, clavicle and mastoid process

25
Q

What are the functions of sternocleidomastoid?

A

Bilateral = extension of the head/neck
Unilateral = contralateral rotation, ipsilateral lateral flexion

26
Q

What innervates sternocleidomastoid?

A

CNXI

27
Q

What is the function of the hyoid muscles?

A

Assist in neck flexion

28
Q

What are the inferior and superior attachments of rectus capitis anterior?

A

C1 transverse process to occipital

29
Q

What are the functions of rectus capitis anterior?

A

Ipsilateral rotation, minimal rotation

30
Q

What are the inferior and superior attachments of rectus capitis lateralis?

A

C1 transverse process to occipital

31
Q

What is the function of rectus capitis lateralis?

A

Ipsilateral lateral head flexion

32
Q

What are the inferior and superior attachments of longus capitis?

A

C3-C5 transverse processes to occipital

33
Q

What are the functions of longus capitis?

A

Head flexion, neck ipsilateral flexion

34
Q

What are the inferior and superior attachments of longus colli?

A

Body C/T verts to body or transverse process of cervical verts

35
Q

What are the functions of longus colli?

A

Neck flexion (bilateral), ipsilateral flexion of cervical spine (unilateral)

36
Q

What innervates the deep anterior neck muscles?

A

Anterior rami C1-C8

37
Q

What are the inferior and superior attachments of the scalenes?

A

Transverse processes C1-C7 to first rib (anterior and middle) or second rib (posterior)

38
Q

What are the functions of the scalenes?

A

Flexion of cervical spine, elevation of ribs (bilateral), ipsilateral lateral flexion of cervical spine (unilateral)

39
Q

What structure emerges from the anterior and middle scalenes?

A

Brachial plexus

ANAT 314 Material (22 decks)

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