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LE kinese > thoracic spine/ abs > Flashcards

thoracic spine/ abs Flashcards

1
Q

4 factors that limit mobility in thoracic spine

A
  1. ribs (limit rotation and lat flexion)
  2. larger bodies and spinous processes (joint surfaces approximating during extension)
  3. ligamentous network and joint capsules
  4. orientation of zyagopophyseal joints- when facets articulate with eachother sliding and gliding occurs is less
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2
Q

movement of thoracic spine (3)

(axis and plane)

A
  1. flex/extend = x axis in saggital plane
  2. rotation = y axis in transverse plane
  3. lat flexion = z axis in frontal plane
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3
Q

3 ribs articulations

A

ribs articulating with thoracic vertebrae

  1. costovertebral = head of rib articulating with side of vertebral bodies, on demi/hemi facet
  2. costotransverse = tubercle of rib articulating with costal facet on TP

ribs articulating with sternum
3. costosternal articulations

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4
Q

costovertebral and costotransverse articulations (3)

A

both articulations are:

  1. diarthrodial joints
  2. when our ribs elevate it increases med -> lat diameter and up and down
  3. uniaxial joint = ribs rotates on long axis (because of costotransverse articulation)
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5
Q

costosternal articulations (3)

A
  1. in 2 portions: costochondral - rib to cartilage
    chondrosternal- cartilage to sternum
  2. amphiarthrodial- some movement/ give in cartilage
  3. 8,9,10 have shared cartilage
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6
Q

Thoracic spine kinematics
where does flex/extension occur in thoracic spine?
where does rotation occur in thoracic spine?

A
  1. most flexion/extension occurs T9-T12

2. more rotation in upper thoracic spine

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7
Q

Lumbar spine kinematics
what movement dominates and why (2)
where does extension take place vs. lat flex/rotation (2)

A
  1. flex/ext predominates because:
  2. the way zyagopophyseal joints are orientated
  3. L4-S1 is where more extension takes place
  4. lat flex/rotation is in upper lumbar spine
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8
Q

rhythm of laterally bending thoracic spine (5)

linked movement and what happens during bending

A
  1. lateral flexion is linked with rotation
  2. upper thoracic spine bend to right, ribs bend to right
    1. spinous process moves to left
    2. RIGHT ribs will be prominent posterior LEFT ribs will be prominent anterior
  3. kyphosis/lordosis are the reason for coupled rotation
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9
Q

Sacral angle
What bones are involved?
What is the angle
and what happens if its tooo large?

A
  1. L5-S1
  2. sacral angle is 30 degrees- formed by a line from top of S1 and a line that is parallel to floor
  3. people with congenitally larger angle (S1 has greater slope) can cause spondylolisthesis - vertebrae sheer each other and vertebrae is dislpaced.
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10
Q

linked motions in lumbar spine (3)
lat flexion (2)
rotation (1)

A
  1. lat flexion/ rotation in upper lumber spine is linked with lower thoracic spine
  2. laterial flexion linked with flexion (subtle)
  3. rotation linked with contralateral flexion
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11
Q

SI joint basics (4)

sacral flexion/ extension (2)

A
  1. posterior portion of ilium connection to S1, S2, S3
  2. common area of pathology
  3. diarthrodial
  4. uniaxial motion of nutation and counter-nutation
  5. nutation (sacral flexion) - S1 moves forward while S5 moves back = anatomic standing posture
  6. counter nutation - sacral extension, S1 moves back while S5 moves forward
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12
Q

pelivc tilting:
point of reference
what happens to PSIS, pubis symphysis and sacral angle?

A
  1. ASIS is point of reference
  2. bringing pelvis forward = anterior pelvic tilt
    PSIS goes up
    pubis symphysis goes back
    sacral angle increases
  3. posterior pelvis tilt
    S1 slope will be more horizontal (sacral angle decreases)
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13
Q

pelvic ligaments (4)

A
  1. anterior and posterior sacral ligament
  2. sacrospinous ligament- from sacrum to iliac spine
  3. sacrotuberous ligament - binds sacrum to pelvis
  4. iliolumbar ligament - from lumbar vertebrae to insert on back of ilium
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14
Q

fused sacral vertebrae (2)

type of joint and function

A
  1. synarthrodial

2. transfer weight bearing from lower extremity and spine

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15
Q

sacrotuberous ligament (2)

A
  1. binds sacrum to pelvis (ilium and ischium)

2. creates lesser sciatic foramen

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16
Q

sacrospinous ligament (3)

A
  1. between sacrum and isichal spine
  2. creates greater siatic foramen
  3. sciatic nerve and BV go thru there
17
Q

7 Spinal ligaments

A
  1. anterior longitudinal ligament (all)
  2. posterior longitudinal ligament (pll)
  3. ligamentum flavum
  4. interspinous ligament
  5. supraspinous ligament
  6. intertransverse ligaments
  7. radial ligament
18
Q

iliolumbar ligament

A
  1. gives stability to where lumbar spine is connected to sacral spine
19
Q

posterior longitudinal ligament (4)

A
  1. C2 -> sacrum
  2. posterior, runs continous- but not as much as ALL ** which is why herniations are posterior or lateral*
  3. flexion will lengthen, extension will shorten
  4. prevents hyperflexion
20
Q

anterior longitudinal ligament (4)

A
  1. C2 -> sacrum
  2. runs continually on ant portion of vertebral bodies
  3. flexion shortens (extension lengthens)
  4. prevents hyperextension
21
Q

interspinous ligament (3)

A
  1. C,T,L
  2. interrupted ligament, not continous- segmentally thru each level of spinous process
  3. lengthens in flexion, shortens in extension
22
Q

ligamentum flavum (2)

A
  1. runs continuously inside the lamina on the L and R sides

2. lengthens with flexion => prevents hyperflexion

23
Q

intertransverse ligaments (5)

A
  1. interrupted
  2. laterally and posterior situated
  3. lengthens in flexion
  4. main function is to add stability btwn vertebrae
  5. most developed in lumbar spine
24
Q

supraspinous ligament (4)

A
  1. C7- sacrum
  2. nuchal ligament is the extension of supraspinous ligament cephaly
  3. runs continuously down the spinous processes
  4. lengthens in flexion (prevents hyperflexion)
25
Q

2 Cervical ligaments

A
  1. atlanto cruciform ligament

2. alar ligament

26
Q

radial ligament

A
  1. stabilized costovertebral
27
Q

alar ligament (2)

A
  1. runs btwn odontiod process and occiput

2. stabilizes AA and AO

28
Q

atlantocruciform ligament (2)

A
  1. runs btwn C2 and C1 (from odontoid process and inserts into arch of atlas
  2. stabilizes AA joint
29
Q

4 layers of abdominal muscles (superficial -> deepest)

A

superficial -> deepest

  1. external obliques
  2. internal obliques (perpendicular too external)
  3. rectus abdominis
  4. transverse abdominis (horizontal)
30
Q

3 functions of abdominals

A
  1. spinal motion = flexion
  2. stabilize spine (isometrically contract when lifting)
  3. protect viscera (organs)
31
Q

external obliques
basics (3)
movements (4)

A
  1. “hand in pocket” orientation
  2. attachment = linea alba, public bone and ant portion of iliac crest -> back of ribs (inferior surface of lower 8 ribs)
  3. good stabilizers
    movements:
  4. flexion
  5. lateral flexion
  6. rotators - contralateral rotation = trunk on pelvis
    ipsilateral = pelvis on trunk
  7. hike pelvis up (with quadratum lumborum)
32
Q

rectus abdominis
basics (3)
movements (3)

A
  1. straight orientation
  2. attachment = costal cartilage of ribs 5-7, xyphoid process -> pubic symphysis
  3. horizontal tendons bind them down - linea alba down the middle. this stomps them from shortening excessively when u contract them
    movements:
  4. flexion
  5. lateral flexion
  6. attachment on pelvis stabilizes upper portion and does posterior pelvic tilt
33
Q

transverse abdominals (4)

A
  1. important for stabilization, coughing, forced expiration
  2. attachments = throacolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lower ribs 7-12, lateral/ upper 1/3 inguinal ligament -> linea alba
  3. forced expiration excerices recruit it
  4. engage when lifting, help keep spine aligned
34
Q

internal obliques
basics (3)
movements (3)

A
  1. perpendicular to external obliques
  2. attacment= come from lateral/ upper 2/3 inguinal ligament, iliac crest, lower 3 ribs -> up to linea alba
  3. good stabilizers
    movements:
  4. flexion
  5. lateral flexion
  6. rotation = contralateral = pelvis on trunk
    ipsilateral = trunk on pelvisd
35
Q

transverseospinalis
basics (2)
movements (3)

A
  1. deeper than erector spinae => more stabilizers than mobilizers
  2. orientation - lateral inferior and move up and central
    movements:
  3. affect rotation
  4. contralateral rotation
  5. extension
36
Q

erector spinae
basics (3)
movements (3)

A
  1. superficial stabilizers, and anti-gravity (especially in t-spine)
  2. multi-joint
  3. orientation- interior centrally attached, up lateral movements:
  4. ipsilateral rotation
  5. lateral flexion
  6. extension
37
Q

3 sections of erector spinae

A
  1. spinalis (medial)
  2. longissumus (central)
  3. illiocostalis (lateral)- don’t cross AO
38
Q

transverseospinalis muscle groups (5)

A
  1. semispinalis - run from TP below to spinous process above (thoracis, cervicis and capitis)
  2. multifidus- between sacrum and C4 (deep)
  3. rotatores - cervical and thoracis (not cross AO joint)
  4. interspinalis (vervical, thoracis, lumbar)
  5. intertransverserii (cervical, thoracic, lumbar)
39
Q

What two muscles do hip hiking

A
  1. Quadratus lumborum

2. External obliques

LE kinese (12 decks)

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