hip/ leg

Question 1

4 things that contribute to stability of femur (over GH)

Answer 1

1. head is deeper in acetabulum
2. tighter joint capsule
3. labrum (deepens the socket)
4. ligaments

Question 2

hip joint basics (3)

Answer 2

1. ball and socket
2. triaxial
3. stability opposed to mobility

Question 3

femoral angle of inclination and irregularities (3)

Answer 3

1. angle of inclination = line down center of shaft crossing with line across femoral head = 125 degrees
2. Coxa Vara= < 125, more susceptible to fracture at neck the closer you get to 90
3. Coxa Vulga= >125 , newborns have a greater angle until we start to walk

Question 4

femoral angle of torsion and irregularities (3)

Answer 4

1. femoral condyles are more internally rotated relative to head and neck = 15 degrees
2. ante version = >15, more internal rotation of femoral condyles relative to head and neck which leads to more anterior rotation of head and neck (person has to medially rotate to centralize head in acetabulum)
3. retroversion = doesn’t project anterior enough

Question 5

movement - open kinematic (planes) (3)

Answer 5

1. flex/ extend - x axis, saggital plane
2. aB/aDduction- z axis, frontal plane
3. internal (medial)/ external (lateral) rotation- y axis, transverse plane

Question 6

lumbo-pelvic rhythm (2)

Answer 6

1. spinal flexion = 3/4

2. anterior pelvic tilt = 1/4

Question 7

Ligaments of femur (1 what they prevent and 3 ligaments)

Answer 7

1. prevent hyperextension and posterior pelvic tilting
2. iliofemoral - widest and strongest
3. pubofemoral
4. ischialfemoral

Question 8

pubofemoral ligament (2)

Answer 8

1. pubic bone -> med, inferior greater trochanter

2. restricts hyperextension and posterior pelvic tilting

Question 9

iliofemoral ligament (3)

Answer 9

1. ASIS -> intertrochanter line
2. widest and strongest
3. prevents hyperextension

Question 10

hamstrings innervation, attachments of all 3, 3 movements

Answer 10

1. innervated by sciatic nerve
2. attachments -> ischial tuberosity bicep femoris -> near fib head semi tend- pes anserine semi memb- medial tibial condylemovements
3. *primary hip extensor/ knee flexor (puts in active insufficency)
4. some hip external rotation

Question 11

ischialfemoral ligament (2)

Answer 11

1. posterior acetabulum -> spirals over to base of greater trochanter
2. prevents hyperextension, posterior pelvic tilting, and hyper internal rotation

Question 12

Hip extensors (2)

Answer 12

1. glut max

2. hamstrings

Question 13

open and closed kinematic chain pairings    
open:
1. hip flexion
2. hip extension
3. hip aBduction
4. hip aDduction
5. hip external rotation
6. hip internal rotation

Answer 13

1. hip flexion (O) / ant pelvic tilting (C)
2. hip extension (O) / post pelvic tilting (C)
3. hip aBduction (O) / ipsilateral pelvic tilt (C)
4. hip aDduction (O)/ contralateral pelvic tilt (C)
5. hip external rotation (O)/ contralateral pelvic rotation (C)
6. hip internal rotation (O)/ ipsilateral pelvic rotation (C)

Question 14

stabilizing synergies around pelvic tilting (2)

Answer 14

1. when abs contract to pull into posterior pelvic tilt, hip flexors contract to stabilize
2. when back extensors contract to pull into anterior pelvic tilt, hip extensors contract to stabilize

Question 15

4 anterior thigh muscles (2 movements and 4 muscles)

Answer 15

1. mostly flexors and anterior pelvic tilters
2. sartorious
3. iliopsoas
4. rec fem
5. TFL

Question 16

rec fem innervation, attachments and 2 movements

Answer 16

1. innervated by femoral nerve
2. AIIS -> superior pole of patella-> tibial tuberositymovements:
3. hip flexor
4. knee extensor
   doing these together put it in active insufficency

Question 17

sartorious innervation, attachments and 4 movements (2 linked)

Answer 17

1. innervated by femoral nerve
2. ASIS -> cross knee -> pes anserine
   movements:
3. flexor
4. hip aBductor (because it is lateral to hip joint)- open chain/ liked with ipsilateral tilt
5. hip external / contralateral rotator (closed)
6. weak knee flexor

Question 18

TFL innervation, attachments and 3 paired movements

Answer 18

1. innervated by superior gluteal nerve
2. attach- behind ASIS -> IT bandmovements
3. hip flexor/ ant pelvic tilt
4. hip aBductor / ipsilateral pelvic tilt
5. hip internal rotator/ ipsilateral rotation

Question 19

iliopsoas (6)
innervation, attachments of both muscles
2 movemements of psosas and 2 movements combined

Answer 19

1. innervated by branches L2-L4
2. psosas attach- T.P. and V.B. L1-L5 -> iliacus attach- iliac crest
   both insert on leser trochantermovements:
3. psosas- lat flexor of spine, and
4. contralateral rotation of spine together:
5. ant pelvic tilt
6. ext rotation

Question 20

additional movement for hip aDductors and best position to start movement

Answer 20

1. they do hip flexion (except magnus because its too posterior)
2. best when hip starts in extension