gait Flashcards
gait (walking, ambulations…)
definition
- progression of body thru space brought about by repetitive rhythmic alternating movements of the trunk and extremeties
gait cycle
def
3 phases
1. period of time btwn two successive similar events on the same* lower extremity 3 phases: stance phase swing phase double support
pre-requs for ambulation (5)
- balance
- strength
- ROM (knee, hip, ankle)
- motor control/ coordination
- sensation (for sensory feedback)
stance phase vs. swing phase
- stance phase- any part of foot is still in contact with ground
- swing phase- extremity is not in contact with ground
stance phase (5) and how much time spent
- starts with heel strike
- foot flat- foot coming down on floor
- mid-stance- body starts to come over foot
- heel rise- body comes in front of body
- toe off- toes still in contact but MTPs extended
- 60% time
swing phase (3) and how much time spent
- early swing- foot off ground knee and foot come back
- mid-swing- toe comes underneath you
- late swing- toe progressive forwards in anticipation of next heel strike
- 40% time
synonyms for phases of gait HS FF mid st HR TO ESw MSw LSw
- HS= initial contact (IC)
- FF = loading response
mid stance = mid stance - HR= terminal stance
- TO = pre-swing
- ESw = acceleration
- Mid and late sw= deceleration
double support
two times it happens (saying it both ways)
what % of time spent in this
- heel strike and heel rise of other foot orrr initial contact and terminal stance
- 20-25% of gait cycle in this stance (in normal rate of ambulation)
what differentiates running from walking?
muscle differences in running
in running there are times neither leg is in contact with the ground
muscles:
glut max and hamstrings in early stance
quads in early stance -> late swing
iliopsosas -> late stance throughout swing
PF- earlier in stance (for more push off)
DF- isometric and concentric in early stance
spatial (linear) parameters of gait (4)
- stride length
- step length
- BOS
- degree of toe out
stride length
- linear distance btwn heel strike and next heel strike of same leg
step length
how you measure
how do you name it?
- linear distance btwn heel strike of one foot and heel strike of other foot
- foot thats in front is named for
BOS
how you measure
normal distance
what happens if you walk faster
- draw line thru center of heels (linearish- make a right angle)
- 5-10cm
- walking faster narrows base of support
degree of toe out
how you measure
normal measure
what happens if you walk faster
- line from 2nd MT -> heel and bring line all the way back to center of step (line of progression)
- normally there is 7 deg of external torsion = normal toe out
- faster walking decreases this angle
time measures of gait stride time step time cadence velocity
- stride time = cycle time- amt of time that elapses in 1 gait cycle
- step time = elapsed time from one heel strike to heel strike of contralateral foot
- cadance = # steps/ min (80-120/ min is normal)
- velocity = distance travelled/ unit time (3mph, 1.5meters/sec)
dependent on cadance and stride length