Thoracic spine Flashcards
list the main structures in the thoracic region
vertebral column, ribs, intercostal spaces, costal cartilages sternum
what is the function in the thoracic cage
protect vital organs, provide muscle attachments and assist is respiration
how many vertebrae in the thoracic region
12 alongside sternum and 12 pairs of ribs
list the features of a typical thoracic vertebrae
vertebral body, pedicles, lamina, spinous process, transverse process, transverse foramen, articular processes, costal facets
describe the articulations of atypical T1
articulates with a single facet of its own rib
what to T10 and T11 lack
inferior demi facets on their bodies
What do T11 and 12 lack and what do they only articulate with
lack transverse costal facets, articulate only with heads of their own ribs
what is the rule of three
1-3 SP and TP equal, 4-6 SP 1/2 level below TP, S7-9 SP 1 level below TP, 10 is one level below, 11 1/2 level below, 12 equal
list the points of relation
C2= prominent C6= disappears C7= vertebrae prominens T3= root of spine of scapula T7= inferior angle of scapula L4= iliac crest S2= PSIS
list the types of ribs and how many
true ribs (7 upper), false ribs (remaining 5 pairs), floating ribs (11 and 12)
what are costal cartilages
bars of hyaline cartilage that prolong the ribs forward and contribute to the elasticity of the walls of the thorax
list features of a typical rib
3-9, head, neck, crest, tubercle, shaft
list the features and attachments of first rib
head, neck, tubercle, scalene tubercle, 2 grooves (subclavian artery groove and subclavian vein groove) and upper surface, rib is flat and slopes inferiorly and attaches to manubrium
describe second rib
like rib 1 but twice as long
what type of joint is intervertebral
secondary symphysis cartilage
what type of joint is the zygophophyseal (facet) and what are its articulations
synovial plane joint
vertically orientated oval facets covered in hyaline articular cartilage inferior facets project anteriorly to articulate with the posterior facing superior facets
what type of joint is the costovertebral, joint type and articulations
synovial plane joint
head of rib convex articulates with costal facets of corresponding vertebrae
list the types of costotransverse joints and articulations
synovial plane joint (synchondrosis)
The articulations of the necks and tubercles of the ribs with the transverse processes of their corresponding thoracic vertebra are the costotransverse joints.
what type of joint is the costochondral, joint type and articulations
primary cartilaginous joint
lateral end of costal cartilage and sternal end of the rib
what type of joint is the interchondral, joint type and articulations
synovial plane joint
Interchondral joints are synovial joints between the tips of adjacent costal cartilages of ribs 6-10 (9-10 fibrous). The tips of the costal cartilages contain small oblong facets that articulate with each other and form a joint enclosed by an articular capsule.
what type of joint is the sternocostal, joint type and articulations
rib 1 is manubrium joint is fibrocartilaginous
synovial plane joint 2-7 ribs
articulation is Sternal ends of costal cartilages of the true ribs, costal notches on sternum
list the joint type and articulations for the sternoclavicular joint
synovial saddle
the sternal end of the clavical articulates with the 1st costal cartilage of the 1st rib manubrium sterni concave
list the joint type and articulations for the manubriosternal joint
symphysis (secondary cartilaginous)
inferior border of the manubrium and the superior border of the sternal body
list the joint type and articulations for the xiphisternal
synchondrosis
body of the sternum and the xiphoid process meet
which muscles produce trunk flexion
rectus abdominis
external obliques
internal obliques
which muscles produce ipsilateral trunk side flexion
external obliques internal obliques rectus abdominis quadratus lumborum (lumbar side flexion) erector spinae
which muscles produce ipsilateral trunk rotation
internal obliques
erector spinae
which muscles produce contralateral trunk roatation
external obliques
rectus abdominis
which muscles produce posterior pelvic tilt
external obliques
internal obliques
rectus abdominis
