hip joint Flashcards
describe femoral head
Femoral head – spheroid in shape (1), covered in hyaline cartilage (1).
Describe the ligamentum teres and its attachments 2
Ligamentum teres – ligament of the head of the femur (1), apex from a pit in the head of the femur (fovea) (½), base to the acetabular notch and transverse acetabular ligament (½).
Describe the transverse acetabular ligament 2
Transverse acetabular ligament – spans acetabular notch inferiorly (1) and completes the labrum (1)
Name the four main ligaments of the hip joint
Iliofemoral Ligament (1), Pubofemoral Ligament (1), Ischiofemoral Ligament (1) ligamentum teres
Briefly describe the acetabulum and its articular surface
Acetabulum is a hemispherical or cup-shaped hollow (½). The central section of the acetabular fossa is non-articular (½). The rim of the acetabulum is incomplete, the area known as the acetabular notch (½), which is spanned by the transverse acetabular ligament (½).The acetabular labrum, a fibro-cartilaginous structure (½), is attached to the rim of the acetabulum and deepens the acetabular fossa (½). It contains the horseshoe shaped (lunate) (½) articular surface covered by hyaline cartilage (½).
List, in general terms, two (2) different structures that contribute to the stability of this joint 2
Acetabular labrum (fibrocartilaginous rim), Ligaments, Capsule, Muscles (1 + 1 any two)
attachment of the iliofemoral ligament
from apex of AIIS to introchanteric line
attachment of the ischiofemoral ligament
inferior aspect of the ischium to anterior part of greater trochanter
attachment of the pubofemoral ligament
pubic eminence to capsule and medial band of the ilofemoral ligament and interchanteric line
attachment of the ligamentum teres
from the pit (fovea) in head of femur to the base to the acetabular notch and transverse acetabular ligament
attachment of the inguinal ligament
ASIS to pubic tubercle
What does the hip bone consist of
ilium, ischium and pubis
what does the pelvis consist of
the hip bone, sacrum and coccyx
what is femoral neck inclination, state the angle of degrees and what they are referred to as
Normal is 125 degrees +/- 5
more than 130 degrees is coxa alga
less than 120 degrees is coxa vara
what is femoral torsion and how many degrees is it
when the head and neck of femur is rotated slightly anteriorly.
normal degrees is 12-15
less than= retroversion
more than= ante version
what is a physical change that occurs due to femoral torsion
excessive ant version causes patella to not face anterior but instead squint. In order for the hip joint to go back to it’s normal degrees it rotates the entire lower limb causing “in toeing”
what supplies blood to the head and neck of femur
ligamentum teres has an artery within it which supplies the head and neck of femur, also medial and lateral circumflex arteries join in through the capsule and supply neck of femur
what occurs when there is a fracture through the neck of the femur
circumflex arteries and ligaments arteries disrupt which causes head and neck of femur to lose their blood supply and cause avascular necrosis
classify the hip joint
synovial polyaxial ball and socket joint with 3 degrees of freedom/ circumduction
what ensures there’s good hip joint stability
strong surrounding ligaments cup shaped acetabulum deepened by acetabulum labrum strong capsule vacuum effect within ball and socket oblique angle of femoral neck strong surrounding muscles
how many degrees in each hip movement
flexion- 100-120 degrees extension- 15-20 degrees abduction- 40-45 degrees adduction 15-30 degrees lateral rotation- 45-60 degrees medial rotation- 30-40 degrees
what is closed and open packed position
closed pack is when the hip Is at its most stable position: maximum extension, medial rotation and abduction
open packed position is used to undertaker any accessory movements: slight flexion, abduction and lateral rotation
what are the bursae in the hip
iliopsoas bursa
teochanteric bursa
gluteus medius bursa
ischiogluteal bursa
