ankle and foot Flashcards
function of ankle joint
supports base
shock absorbs
provides rigid level for push off
namer the bony prominences of the fibula and tibia
lateral and medial condyle
head of fibula
tibial tuberosity
fibula
tibia
fibular notch
lateral malleolus
medial malleolus
describe the distal tibia and its articulation
distal end is shaped like a rectangular box with the bony protuberance the medial malleolus
inferior surface of tibia articulates with talus to form part of the ankle joint
inferior surface continues medially as the malleolar articular surface, lateral surface articulates with ITFJ
describe distal fibula and its articulation
bony protuberance on lateral side of fibula form the lateral malleolus
medial surface of lateral malleolus bears facet for articulation with talus
fibula notch at distal end of tibia is convex
describe the superior tibia-fibular joint
synovial plane joint
articulation: head of fibula, lateral tibial condyle capsule around joint margins
movements are small rotational during ankle DF and PF
Describe the interosseous membrane
tough fibrous sheet of connective tissue
provides attachments for muscles
spans across fibula and tibia
describe inferior tibio-fibular joint
fibroussyndesmosis
medial aspect of fibula and fibular notch on lateral aspect of tibia
slight rotation during DF
what can cause masionneuve fracture
excessive ankle rotation stresses and ruptures interosseus ligament and membrane
describe the talus and how it creates stable locking mechanism
it is situated above calcaneus
head and neck directed forward and medially
body is wedged shaped and lies between the malleoli
superior surface is wider anteriorly and that how it creates the stable locking mechanism in dorsiflexion-prevents posterior displacement
describe body of talus
3 articulations- tibia, malleoli
superior facet
medial facet
lateral facet
convex anterior to posterior concave from side to side
describe ankle joint
Talocrural Joint is a synovial hinge joint, capable of one degree of freedom.
The bones contributing to this joint are the tibia, fibula and talus. The fibula is positioned laterally to tibia and superolaterally from the talus. The tibia is superior to the talus, and is medial the fibula. The talus is inferior to both the tibia and fibula.
It attaches by its apex, to the borders and apex of the medial malleolus (1). Has a thick broad base which attaches from the navicular anteriorly (1) to the talus posteriorly (1).
The movements that occur at this joint are Dorsiflexion (1) and Plantarflexion (1)
describe the calcaneus
largest tarsus bone
sustentaculum tali medial shelf to support head of talus
posterior surface roughened for attachment of tendocalcaneus
describe the subtalarr joint
synovial saddle joint
distal to ankle joint where talus articulates with calcaneus
movements: inversion and eversion
supported by talocalcnean ligaments, medial posterior and lateral
stabilised by interosseous talocalcanean ligament
describe navicular
anterior to head of talus and medial malleolus
medial tuberosity
concave posteriorly articulates with head of talus
3 anterior facets for 3 cuniforms
describe mid tarsal joint
synovial ball and socket joint ‘s’ shaped
talocalcaneonavicular and calcaneocuboid
sub-talar produces inversion+eversion combined with mid tarsal produces pronation and supination
what are the joint within the toes
TMT- synovial plane
MTP- synovial ellipsoid/ 2 degrees flex/ex/ad/ad
PIP and DIP synovial hinge/flex/ex
what are the medial deltoid collateral ligaments
tibia-navicular tibio-calcaneal anterior tibio-talar part posterior tibio-talar part plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
what are the lateral ligaments of ankle
posterior talofibular
anteriortalofibular
calcaneofibular
describe the talocalcaneonavicular joint
synovial ball and socket joint
anterior navicular
laterally calcaneocuboid ligament and calcanenavicular ligament
medially= plantarcalcanenavicular
describe calcaneocuboid joint
synovial saddle joint
between calcaneus and cuboid and both ligaments of bifurcate
short plantar ligament attachment
plantar aspect of calcaneus
plantar aspect of cuboid
long plantar ligament
longest ligament between tarsal bones
covers plantar surface of calcaneus
attaches posteriorly to plantar surface of calcaneus between anterior and posterior tubercles
passes forwards to cuboid and base of lateral 4 metatarsals
how is a foot a great level
the calcaneum is longer and forms a powerful propulsion
what are the arches of the foot
medial longitudinal
lateral longitudinal
transverse longitudinal
what are the factors maintaining arches
bony configuration
strong ligaments
muscle tone
bones forming medial longitudinal arch
calcaneus
navicular
medial cuniform
first metatarsal
what is a keystone
when a bone is larger on top so can’t slip through so talus is a wedge and can’t fall between navicular and cuniform
ligaments of medial longitudinal arch
plantar calcaneonavicular
long plantar
short plantar
plantar aponeurosis
dynamic arch support
tibialis anterior and posterior and flexor haluucis longs hold up In flexion the sustentaculum tali
bones forming lateral longitudinal arch
calcaneus
cuboid
with metatarsal
ligaments lateral longitudinal arch
long plantar
short plantar
plantar calcaneonavicular
what 2 muscles holds up lateral longitudinal arch
peroneus longus and brevis
bones forming transverse arch
cuniforms and cuboid
ligaments of transverse arch
deep transverse ligaments
muscles holding up medial longitudinal arch
tibias anterior
tibialis posterior
flexor hallucis longus
