Thoracic Pulmonology Flashcards
What are the lobes of the right lung?
superior lobe
middle lobe
inferior lobe
What are the two fissures of the right lung?
horizontal fissue
-separates superior and middle lobes
oblique fissue
-separates middle and inferior lobes
What are the lobes of the left lung?
- superior lobe
- inferior lobe
what is the fissure of the left lung?
-oblique fissure
What is the anterior surface of the lungs called?
costal surface
What is the posterior surface of the lungs called?
mediastinal surface
What is the inferior surface of the lungs called?
diaphragmatic surface
What are possible origins of lung cancer?
-lung tissue itself
-can derive from the bronchi
(bronchogenic carcinoma)
What nerves might be affected during lung cancer?
phrenic N.
vagus N.
recurrent laryngeal N.
What are the possible treatments for lung cancers?
- pneumonectomy (lung removal)
- lobectomy (lobe removal)
- segmentectomy (bronchopulmonary segment removal)
What are the four types of lung parietal pleura?
- cervical pleura
- costal pleura
- diaphragmatic pleura
- mediastinal pleura
What is the anterior junction between the costal pleura and the mediastinal pleura?
sternal line of pleural reflection
What is the posterior junction between the costal pleura and the mediastinal pleura?
vertebral line of pleural reflection
What is the junction between the costal pleura and the diaphragmatic pleura?
costal line of pleural reflection
Definition of lines of pleural reflection?
where one kind of parietal pleura becomes another
What are the two pleural recesses?
costomediastinal recess
-anterior border of lung slides into this recess
costodiaphragmatic recess
-inferior border of lung slides into this recess
What fills the pleural cavity?
-surfactant
When is the pleural cavity a “real” space?
when the lung is collapsed
What is the pulmonary cavity?
space that contains the pleura, lungs, etc.
Pathology: Pulmonary Collapse
occurs when enough air enters pleural cavity to break surface tension b/w two layers of pleura
lung elasticity causes lung collapse
Pathology: Pneumothorax
entry of air into the pleural cavity; leads to pulmonary collapse
-from a penetrating wound or rupture of pulmonary lesion
Pathology: Hydrothorax
accumulation of excess fluid other than blood in the pleural cavity
-usually the result of fluid escape or a pulmonary effusion
Pathology: Hemothorax
accumulation of blood in pleural cavity
- usually the result of a chest wound (laceration of an intercostal vessel or an internal thoracic vessel)
- not usually due to a laceration of the lung itself
What is the order of branching of the respiratory tract?
trachea - main bronchi - lobar bronchi - segmental bronchi - conducting bronchiole - terminal bronchiole - respiratory bronchiole - alveolar duct - alveoli
True or False: bronchioles have cartilage
False
In what part of the thorax is the trachea?
posterior mediastinum
True or False: the trachea has cartilage
True
What is the directionality of the right main bronchus?
runs rather vertically
What is the directionality of the left main bronchus?
runs inferolaterally
Which main bronchus is wider, right or left?
right main bronchus is wider and shorter
How many lobar bronchi are on the right?
3
How many lobar bronchi are on the left?
2
How many segmental bronchi are on the right side?
10 total:
3 in the superior lobe
2 in the middle lobe
5 in the inferior lobe
How many segmental bronchi are on the left side?
10 total:
5 in the superior lobe
5 in the inferior lobe
True or False: respiratory bronchioles are capable of gas exchange
True
Characteristics of Asthma
- widespread narrowing of airways
- ctx of smooth muscle
- edema of mucosa
- mucus in the lumen of the bronchioles
What is a bronchoscopy?
insertion of a bronchoscope into the trachea to visualize the main bronchi
