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CardioPulmRenal > Osteology, Arthrology & Myology of the Thorax > Flashcards

Osteology, Arthrology & Myology of the Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

What are the boundaries of the superior thoracic aperture?

A

posterior - T1
lateral - 1st ribs and costal cartilage
anterior - superior border of manubrium

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2
Q

What are the contents of the superior thoracic aperture?

A
  • trachea
  • esophagus

-nerves/vessels that supply/drain the head, neck, and upper extremities

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3
Q

What are the boundaries of the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

posterior - T12
posterolateral - 11th and 12th ribs
anterolateral - joined costal cartilages of ribs 7-10
anterior - xiphisternal joint

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4
Q

What are the contents of the inferior thoracic aperture?

A

esophagus
inferior vena cava
aorta

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5
Q

Name the three bones of the sternum.

A

manubrium of the sternum
body of the sternum
xiphoid process of the sternum

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6
Q

Name the most superior notch on the manubrium of the sternum.

A

suprasternal notch

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7
Q

What are the superolateral notches on the manubrium of the sternum called and with what do they articulate?

A

clavicular notches; articulate with the clavicle

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8
Q

What are the notches on the lateral aspect of the sternum called?

A

costal notches

7 of them

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9
Q

Where is the first costal notch?

A

on the lateral aspects of the manubrium of the sternum

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10
Q

Where is the second costal notch?

A

on the lateral aspects of both the manubrium and the body of the sternum

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11
Q

Where are costal notches 3-6?

A

on the lateral aspects of the body of the sternum

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12
Q

Where is the 7th costal notch?

A

on the lateral aspects of both the body of the sternum and the xiphoid process of the sternum

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13
Q

What is the anterior portion of the manubriosternal joint called?

A

sternal angle

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14
Q

What are the true (vertebrocostal) ribs?

A

Ribs 1-7

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15
Q

What are the false (vertebrochondral) ribs?

A

Ribs 8-10

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16
Q

What are the floating (vertebral) ribs?

A

Ribs 11 and 12

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17
Q

What ribs are the atypical ribs?

A

Ribs 1, 2, 10-12

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18
Q

What are the typical ribs?

A

Ribs 3-9

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19
Q

Which pair of ribs is the shortest and broadest?

A

1st ribs

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20
Q

Which ribs are most sharply curved?

A

1st ribs

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21
Q

Name the landmarks (anterior to posterior) on the superior aspect of the 1st rib.

A
  • groove for the subclavian V.
  • scalene tubercle
  • groove for the subclavian A.
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22
Q

How many articular facets are on Ribs 1 and 10-12?

A

one

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23
Q

What is the shape of the second ribs?

A

short

broad

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24
Q

What is the anatomical feature on the superior aspect of the second rib?

A

tuberosity for serratus anterior

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25
Q

Which ribs do not articulate with the sternum?

A

Ribs 11 and 12

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26
Q

True or False: Ribs 11 and 12 have no tubercle and thus, no neck.

A

True

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27
Q

Which ribs are most commonly fractured?

A

middle ribs

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28
Q

Where is the most common fracture site of the ribs?

A

just anterior to the costal angle

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29
Q

What are symptoms of a rib fracture?

A

severe pain with respiration, coughing, etc.

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30
Q

What are supernumerary ribs?

A

ribs in the C-spine or L-spine

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31
Q

What are symptoms of cervical ribs?

A

neural or circulatory problems based on proximity to brachial plexus and subclavian A.

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32
Q

What is a problem associated with lumbar ribs?

A

they can cause confusion when reading diagnostic images

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33
Q

What anatomical structures of a thoracic vertebra articulate with the ribs?

A

superior costal facet
inferior costal facet
transverse costal facet

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34
Q

With what does the superior costal facet of a thoracic vertebra articulate?

A

the inferior facet of the same numbered rib

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35
Q

With what does the inferior costal facet of a thoracic vertebra articulate?

A

the superior facet of the rib one number down

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36
Q

With what does the transverse costal facet of a thoracic vertebra articulate?

A

the costal tubercle of the same numbered rib

37
Q

What are the two types of movements at the costovertebral joint?

A
  • pump handle

- bucket handle

38
Q

Describe the pump handle movement.

A

elevation of the sternal end of the rib

-increases anterior to posterior diameter of the thorax

39
Q

Describe the bucket handle movement.

A

elevation of the lateral portion of the rib

-increases the transverse diameter of the thorax

40
Q

What is the purpose of the two movements of the costovertebral joint?

A

-increase volume of the ribcage when breathing

41
Q

What type of joint is the manubriosternal joint?

A

symphysis

42
Q

What bones are involved in the manubriosternal joint?

A

manubrium of the sternum

body of the sternum

43
Q

What ligaments are involved in the manubriosternal joint?

A

none

44
Q

What type of joint is the xiphisternal joint?

A

synchondrosis

45
Q

What bones are involved in the xiphisternal joint?

A

body of the sternum

xiphoid process

46
Q

What ligaments are involved in the xiphisternal joint?

A

none

47
Q

What type of joint is the 1st sternocostal joint?

A

synchondrosis

48
Q

What bones or cartilage are involved in the 1st sternocostal joint?

A

1st costal cartilage

manubrium of the sternum

49
Q

What ligaments are involved in the 1st sternocostal joint?

A

anterior radiate sternocostal L.

posterior radiate sternocostal L.

50
Q

What type of joint are the 2nd through 7th sternocostal joints?

A

planar synovial

51
Q

What bones or cartilage are involved in the 2nd through 7th sternocostal joints?

A

2nd-7th costal cartilages

body of the sternum

52
Q

What ligaments are involved in the 2nd-7th sternocostal joints?

A

anterior radiate sternocostal L.

posterior radiate sternocostal L.

53
Q

What type of joint are the thoracic vertebral joints?

A

symphysis

54
Q

What bones are involved in the thoracic vertebral joints?

A

adjacent vertebral bodies bound by intervertebral discs

55
Q

What ligaments are involved in the thoracic vertebral joints?

A

anterior longitudinal L.

posterior longitudinal L.

56
Q

What type of joints are the zygapophyseal joints?

A

planar synovial

57
Q

What bones are involved in the zygapophyseal joints?

A

inferior articulating processes of one vertebra and the superior articulating processes of the vertebra below

58
Q

What ligaments are involved in the zygapophyseal joints?

A

anterior longitudinal L.

posterior longitudinal L.

59
Q

What type of joints are the costovertebral joints?

A

planar synovial

60
Q

What bones are involved in the costovertebral joints?

A

inferior facet of a rib w/ the superior costal facet of the same numbered vertebra

superior facet of a rib w/ the inferior costal facet of the vertebra one number above

61
Q

What ligaments are involved in the costovertebral joints?

A

radiate L.

intra-articular L. (joins crest of head of the rib to the intervertebral disc)

62
Q

What type of joints are the costotransverse joint?

A

planar synovial

63
Q

What bones are involved in the costotransverse joint?

A

costal tubercle

transverse costal facet of the same numbered vertebra

64
Q

What ligaments are involved in the costotransverse joints?

A

superior costotransverse L.

lateral costotransverse L.

65
Q

What type of joints are the costochondral joints?

A

synchondrosis

66
Q

What bones are involved in the costochondral joints?

A

lateral end of the costal cartilage

sternal end of ribs

67
Q

What ligaments are involved in the costochondral joints?

A

none

68
Q

What type of joints are the interchondral joints of ribs 7-8 and 8-9?

A

planar synovial

-adjacent costal cartilages

69
Q

What types of joints are the interchondral joints of ribs 9-10?

A

fibrous

-adjacent costal cartilages

70
Q

What ligaments are involved in the interchondral joints?

A

none

71
Q

At what joint is a rib dislocation?

A

sternocostal

72
Q

At what joint is a rib separation?

A

costochondral

73
Q

What are the three layers of intercostal muscles, superficial to deep?

A

external intercostal mm.
internal intercostal mm.
innermost intercostal mm.

74
Q

What is the action of the external intercostal muscles?

A

elevates ribs during forced inhalation

75
Q

What is the action of the internal intercostal muscles?

A

depresses ribs

76
Q

What is the innervation for the intercostal muscles?

A

intercostal N.

77
Q

Between which two layers of intercostal muscles lies the neurovascular bundle?

A

internal intercostal mm. and innermost intercostal mm.

78
Q

What are the attachments of the transverse thoracic muscles?

A

posterior surface of lower sternum

internal surfaces of 2nd-6th costal cartilages

79
Q

What is the action of the transverse thoracic muscles?

A

weakly depresses ribs

80
Q

What are the attachments of the subcostal muscles?

A

internal surface of lower ribs near the costal angle

superior border of 2nd or third ribs below

81
Q

What is the action of the subcostal muscles?

A

depresses ribs

82
Q

What is the innervation of the transverse thoracic muscles?

A

intercostal N.

83
Q

What is the innervation of the subcostal muscles?

A

intercostal N.

84
Q

What is thoracentesis?

A
  • insertion of hypodermic needle through intercostal mm. b/w ribs
  • obtain fluid sample or drain pleural cavity
85
Q

Why is it important to insert a needle directly BETWEEN ribs?

A

avoid damage to neurovascular bundle along the inferior side of one rib and its collateral branches on the superior side of the rib below

86
Q

What is the purpose of a chest tube?

A

to remove large amounts of air, fluid, or blood from the pleural cavity

87
Q

Where is a chest tube normally inserted?

A

in the 5th or 6th intercostal space

88
Q

What is a thoroscopy?

A

insertion of a thoroscope into pleural cavity for visualizing or biopsying the space

CardioPulmRenal (18 decks)

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