Thoracic Angiology

Question 1

What are the branches of the internal thoracic A.?

Answer 1

pericardiacophrenic A.
intercostal aa.
musculophrenic A.
superior epigastric A.

Question 2

What are the branches of the descending aorta?

Answer 2

bronchial aa.
posterior intercostal aa.
-subcostal A.
superior phrenic A.

Question 3

What are the branches of the pulmonary aa.?

Answer 3

right superior lobar A.
right middle lobar A.
right inferior lobar A.
left superior lobar A.
left inferior lobar A.

Question 4

Delineate the drainage of lymph from the alveoli to the bronchomediastinal lymph trunk.

Answer 4

superficial and deep lymphatic plexus of the lung
bronchopulmonary lymph nodes
tracheobronchial node

Question 5

Off of what vessel do the R and L coronary aa branch?

Answer 5

ascending aorta

Question 6

What are the branches of the R coronary A.?

Answer 6

sinoatrial nodal A.
conus branch of the R coronary A.
atrial branch of the R coronary A.
R marginal A.
atrioventricular nodal A.
posterior interventricular A.
R posterolateral A.

Question 7

What are the branches of the L coronary A.?

Answer 7

anterior interventricular A.
diagonal A.
circumflex A.
L marginal A.
posterior left ventricular A.

Question 8

Where does the thoracic duct originate?

Answer 8

chyle cistern in the abdomen

Question 9

From where does the thoracic duct drain fluids?

Answer 9

• both lower extremities
• pelvis/abdomen
• left thorax
• left upper extremity
• left side of head/neck

Question 10

Where does the thoracic duct empty?

Answer 10

into the junction of the L internal jugular V. and the L subclavian V.

Question 11

What lymph structures drain into the thoracic duct?

Answer 11

jugular trunk
subclavian trunk
bronchomediastinal trunk

Question 12

What lymph nodes are important in the spread of breast cancer?

Answer 12

axillary lymph nodes

parasternal lymph nodes

Question 13

What lymph nodes are important in the spread of lung cancer?

Answer 13

tracheobronchial lymph nodes

Question 14

Which group of lymph nodes drains the esophagus, posterior pericardium, and middle posterior intercostal spaces?

Answer 14

posterior mediastinal lymph nodes

Question 15

What drains into the azygos V.?

Answer 15

all posterior intercostal vv. on the R side

Question 16

What drains the posterior intercostal vv. on the L side of the thorax?

Answer 16

accessory hemiazygos V. drains the superior posterior intercostal vv.

hemiazygos V. drains the inferior posterior intercostal vv.

Question 17

Pathology: Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Answer 17

• obstruction may necessitate replacement of a segment
• Great Saphenous V. used
• sometimes the radial A. is used

Question 18

Why is the Great Saphenous V. used in a CABG?

Answer 18

• comparable diameter to a coronary A.
• superficial and easily dissected
• lengthy sections w/o branching or valves

Question 19

Pathology: Angioplasty

Answer 19

• insertion of a small balloon catheter into the lumen of the coronary A.
• balloon is inflated to flatten plaque against the wall and increase the size of the lumen … improves flow

Question 20

What is a pulmonary embolism?

Answer 20

• obstruction of a pulmonary A.
• • blood clot
• • fat globule
• • air bubble