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CardioPulmRenal > Thoracic Neurology > Flashcards

Thoracic Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

What does the esophagus connect?

A

laryngopharynx

stomach

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2
Q

Describe the two muscular layers of the esophagus.

A

inner circular layer

outer longitudinal layer

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3
Q

True or False:

A

the upper 2/3rds of the esophagus is smooth muscle and skeletal muscle

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4
Q

What are the four constriction points of the esophagus?

A
  • cricopharyngeus M.
  • near the aortic arch
  • near the left bronchus
  • at the esophageal hiatus
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5
Q

Where in the thorax is the phrenic N.?

A

-between the mediastinal parietal pleura and the fibrous pericardium of the heart

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6
Q

What does the phrenic N. innervate?

A

thoracic diaphragm

-conveys sensory info from the pericardium, central diaphragmatic parietal pleura, and mediastinal parietal pleura

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7
Q

What are the branches of the vagus N.?

A
  • superior, middle, and inferior cardiac branches
  • recurrent laryngeal N.
  • pulmonary branch
  • esophageal branch
  • becomes vagal trunks
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8
Q

What does the right vagus N. become?

A

posterior vagal trunk

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9
Q

What does the left vagus N. become?

A

anterior vagal trunk

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10
Q

What do the cardiac branches of the vagus N. innervate?

A

heart

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11
Q

What do the recurrent laryngeal nn. innervate?

A 
lateral and posterior cricoarytenoid mm.
transverse arytenoid M.
oblique arytenoid M.
thyroarytenoid M.
vocalis M.
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12
Q

Under what structure(s) does the right laryngeal N. loop?

A

right subclavian artery

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13
Q

Under what structure(s) does the left recurrent laryngeal A. loop?

A

aortic arch

ligamentum arteriosum

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14
Q

What does the pulmonary branch of the vagus N. innervate?

A

lungs
bronchi
pleura

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15
Q

Through what opening does the vagus N. pass as it leaves the thorax?

A

esophageal hiatus

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16
Q

What are the intercostal nn.?

A

anterior rami of the thoracic spinal nerves

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17
Q

Where are the intercostal nn. located?

A

in the costal groove on the inferior surface of the rib

b/w the internal intercostal M. and the innermost intercostal M.

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18
Q

What do the intercostal nn. innervate?

A

skin
subcutaneous tissue
musculature
costal and diaphragmatic parietal pleura

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19
Q

What connects the intercostal nn. to the thoracic sympathetic trunk?

A

rami communicantes

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20
Q

Where are the collateral branches of the intercostal nn.?

A

on the superior edge of the rib below

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21
Q

What do the intercostal nn. branch into?

A

lateral cutaneous branches

–become anterior and posterior branches

22
Q

What do the anterior and posterior branches of the lateral cutaneous branch of the intercostal nn. innervate?

A

-skin of the thoracic wall

23
Q

What nerves supply the breast?

A

-anterior branches of the lateral cutaneous branches of intercostal nn. of T4-T6

24
Q

What do the muscular branches of the intercostal nn. supply?

A 
external intercostal M.
internal intercostal M.
innermost intercostal M.
subcostal M.
transverse thoracis M.
25
Q

What is unique about the first intercostal N.?

A
  • no cutaneous branches

- majority of the superior portion joins the brachial plexus

26
Q

What is unique about the second intercostal N.?

A
  • small part joins the brachial plexus

- lateral cutaneous branch innervates the skin and subcutaneous tissue of the axilla

27
Q

What is unique about the 7th-11th intercostal nn.?

A

-become thoracoabdominal nn. as they transition anteriorly over the abdomen

28
Q

What is the “motto” of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

rest and digest

29
Q

What thoracic structures have parasympathetic innervation by the vagus N.

A
  • lungs
  • bronchi
  • pleura
  • heart
  • pericardium
30
Q

What structures are linked along the thoracic sympathetic trunk?

A

paravertebral ganglia

31
Q

Are cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves presynaptic or postsynaptic?

A

postsynaptic

32
Q

Where are the cell bodes of the cardiopulmonary splanchnic nerves?

A

lateral horn of the spinal cord

T1-T5

33
Q

What is the “motto” of the sympathetic nervous system?

A

“fight or flight”

34
Q

Are abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves presynaptic or postsynaptic?

A

presynaptic

35
Q

Where do the fibers of the abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves synapse?

A

prevertebral ganglia in abdominal organs

36
Q

What are the abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves and their thoracic spinal nerve levels?

A
  • greater splanchnic N. (T5-T9)
  • lesser splanchnic N. (T10-T11)
  • least splanchnic N. (T12)
37
Q

What does the greater splanchnic N. innervate?

A
  • esophageal plexus

- celiac plexus (liver, gall bladder, stomach, pancreas, spleen)

38
Q

What does the lesser splanchnic N. innervate?

A
  • celiac ganglion
  • superior mesenteric ganglion

-intestines, rectum, anal sphincter

39
Q

What does the least splanchnic N. innervate?

A
  • aorticorenal ganglion

- kidneys and adrenal glands

40
Q

What supplies parasympathetic innervation to the pulmonary plexus?

A

-pulmonary branch of vagus N.

41
Q

What are the parasympathetic functions of the pulmonary branch of vagus N.?

A
  • bronchoconstrictor
  • pulmonary vessel vasodilation
  • cough reflex
  • pressure sense from pulmonary A.
  • chemoreceptor from pulmonary V.
42
Q

What supplies the sympathetic innervation to the pulmonary plexus?

A

pulmonary splanchnic N.

T2-T3

43
Q

What are the sympathetic functions of the pulmonary splanchnic N.?

A
  • bronchodilator
  • inhibition of bronchi/bronchiole glands
  • pulmonary vessel vasoconstriction
  • visceral sense from lungs, bronchi, and pleura
44
Q

What is the parasympathetic innervation of the cardiac plexus?

A

-superior, middle, and inferior cardiac branches of the vagus N.

45
Q

What are the parasympathetic functions of the cardiac branches of the vagus N.?

A
  • decrease heart rate
  • reduce force of heart ctx
  • vasoconstriction of coronary aa.
46
Q

What is the sympathetic innervation of the cardiac plexus?

A

-cardiac splanchnic N.

T1-T5

47
Q

What are the sympathetic functions of the cardiac splanchnic N.?

A
  • increase heart rate
  • increase force of heart ctx
  • vasomotor to pericardium
48
Q

What does the superficial cardiac plexus innervate?

A

anterior surface of the aorta

49
Q

What provides parasympathetic innervation to the esophageal plexus?

A

esophageal branches of the vagus N.

50
Q

What are the parasympathetic functions of the esophageal branches of the vagus N.?

A
  • stimulates peristalsis

- stimulates esophageal glands

51
Q

What provides the sympathetic innervation of the esophageal plexus?

A

greater splanchnic N.

T5-T9

52
Q

What are sympathetic functions of the greater splanchnic N. in regards to the esophagus?

A
  • inhibits peristalsis

- inhibits esophageal glands

CardioPulmRenal (18 decks)

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