Thoracic Osteology, Arthology and Myology Flashcards
What are the contents of the Superior Thoracic Aperature
Trachea Esophagus, plus the nerves and vessels that supply and drain the head, neck and upper extremities
WHat are the contents of the inferior thoracic aperature
Esophagus, inferior vena cava, Aorta
what are the three primary divisions of the Thoracic cavity
Two pulmonary cavities containing the lungs and the pleurae
Mediastinum: contains the heart, thoracic great vessels, trachea, thoracic esophagus and thymus
What are the three parts of the sternum and what ribs attach to each part
Manubrium of the sternum:
-has the 1st and half of the 2nd rib
Body of the sternum:
-has half the 2nd and 3-6 and half the 7th rib
- Xiphoid process of the sternum
- half the 7th rib
what are the three types of ribs and what numbers are they
True (Vertebrocostal ribs: 1-7 and connect from the vertebral segments to the sternum via their own costal cartilage
False (Vertebrochondral) ribs: 8-10 and connect from vertebral segments to join the costal cartilage immediately superior to that segment
FLoating (Vertebral) ribs: 11-12 dont attach to the sternum
What are the components of a typical rib and what numbers are they
3-9
head: superior and inferior articular facet, and crest of the head
Neck
Tubercle: has a articular facet and a spot for a ligament attachment of the lateral costotransverse ligament
Body: Costal groove housing intercostal nerves and vessels costal angle (anterolateral turning point
Atypical ribs characteristics: First rib
Broad flat and wide
head only has a single facet
Scalene tubercle for the anterior scalene muscle
Groove for the subclavian A (superior aspect and posterior to the groove of the subclavian V)
Groove for the subclavian V which is superior aspect and anterior to the groove for the subclavian N
Atypical ribs characteristics: Second rib
has Tuberosity of serratus anterior M (insertion for the serratus anterior M)
Atypical ribs characteristics: 10th rib
Head possesses only a single facet
Atypical ribs characteristics: 11th rib
doesnt attach to sternum (floating rib)
Head only has a single facet
no tubercle
no neck
Atypical ribs characteristics: 12th rib
Short does not attach to sternum (Floating rib)
Head only has a single facet
no tubercle
no neck
Where is the most common spot for rib fractures
in the middle of ribs at their weakest locus just anterior to the costal angle
What are supernumerary ribs
Extra ribs in the cervical or lumbar region
- lead to neural and circulatory problems (thoracic outlet issues)
- lead to issues with diagnostic images
What parts does a single rib articulate with
will articulate with same number vertebrae and transverse proccss and the number above vertebral body
What are the three types of joints and what makes them different
Synovial joint: Diarthrosis, united by an articular capsule
Fibrous joint: Synarthrosis, united by fibrous tissue
Cartilaginous joint: Amphiarthrosis: United by hyaline cartilage or fibrous cartilage
What are the joints of the sternum and what are their types
Manubriosternal
- symphysis joint, slightly moveable joint connected by fibrocartilage
- sternal angle of Louis
- 2nd costal notch
Xiphisternal
- Synchondrosis, temporary cartilagenous union of hyaline cartilage
- 7th costal notch
What are the ligaments and joint types of the sternocostal joints
Junction of costal cartilages with sternum
Rib 1: Synchondrosis:temporary cartilagenous union of hyaline cartilage
Rib 2-7 (synovial planar, gliding joint
- Anterior radiate sternocostal L
- Posterior radiate sternocostal L
What are the ligaments and joint types of the costovertebral joints
Synovial Planar: gliding joint
- Radiate L (head of the rib to vertebral body)
- Intraarticular L (head of the rib to the intervertebral disc)
- Articular capsule
What are the ligaments and joint types of the Costotransverse joint
Synovial planar, gliding only
- Lateral costotransverse L (tubercle of the rib to the transverse process)
- Superior costotransverse L (neck of the rib to the transverse process one vertebral segment superiorly
What are the two forms of movement at the costovertebral joint and what are their functions
Bucket handle movement: elevation of the lateral most portion of the rib, increasing the transverse diameter of the thorax
Pump handle movement: elevation of the sternal end of the rib, increasing the anterior to posterior diameter of the thorax
What are the ligaments and type of joints of the Costochondral joint
articulation between the ribs and the costal cartilages
-Synchondrosis; temporary cartilagenous union of hyaline cartilage
What is the difference between dislocation and seperation of a rib
dislocation refers to a dislocation at the sternocostal joint
seperation of rib refers to seperate at the costochondral joint
What are the ligaments and type of joints of the interchondral joint
Between 6/7, 7/8, 8/9 costal cartilages
Planar synovial
interchondral ligament
Between 9/10 costal cartilages is the fibrous joint
External Intercostal M direction and function and INN
and where is the membrane
muscle goes Posterior to anterior
will turn into the Anterior Intercostal membrane (in the anterior part of the rib cage
INN: Intercostal Nerves
will elevate the ribs
most superficial of musces
Internal Intercostal M direction and function and INN and where is the membrane
Muscle goes anterior to Posterior
will turn into the Posterior intercostal membrane (in the posterior part of the rib cage)
INN: intercostal N
Will depress ribs
middle muscle
Innermost Intercostal M INN and function
most deep muscle, can tell by the nerve bundle running inbetween the innermost intercostal muscle and the internal untercostal muscle
Probably depress ribs
INN: intercostal N
Thoracentesis
insertion of a hypodermic needle through the intercostal musculature between ribs to obtain fluid sample to drain small amounts of fluid from the Pleural cavity
needle is inserted between ribs inferior to the intercostal neurovascular bundle but superior to the collateral branches
Insertion of chest tube
insertion of a tube to remove large amounts of air, fluid, blood, or pus from the pleural cavity
typically inserted in the 5th or 6th intercostal space
THoroscopy
Insertion of a thoroscope into the pleural cavity through small incisions for visualizing and biopsying the space inside the Pleural cavity
Thransverse THoracic M action and attachment
posterior surface of the lower sternum and xiphoid process and binds on to the 2nd-6th rib
depresses ribs
innervated my intercostal N
Subcostal M action
acts similar to the internal intercostal M and depresses the ribs
Inn by the intercostal N
look similar to internal intercostal M but travel 1 to 2 rib segments
