Angiology

Question 1

What are the 7 branches of the Right Coronary A

Answer 1

Sinuatrial Nodal A

Conus Branch (supplies the conus arteriosus)

Atrial Branch (supplies right atrium)

Right marginal A (travels along the inferior border of the heart)

Atrioventricular Nodal A (supplies the atrioventricular node)

Posterior Interventricular A
-interventricular septal branches (supply the interventricular septum)

Right Posterolateral A (supplies the left ventricle)

Question 2

the two branches of the Left Coronary A and their respective branches

Answer 2

Anterior Interventricular A (supplies the atrioventricular bundle)

• Conus branch (supplies conus arteriosus)
• Lateral (diagonal) A
• Interventricular Septal Branches (supply the interventricular septum, atrioventricular bundle and right and left bundle branches

Circumflex A (travels posteriorly around the heart to the posterior aspect)

• Left Marginal A (travels along the left margin of the heart)
• Posterior Left Ventricular A (supplies the left ventricle)

Question 3

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

Answer 3

Obstruction of the coronary arteries may necessitate replacement of a segment of the coronary artery

great saphenous vein is often used due to its size compared to the coronary arteries

can also use the long thoracic A

Question 4

Coronary Angioplasty

Answer 4

insertion of a small baloon catheter into the lumen of the coronary artery

balloon is inflated to flatten the obstructing plaque against the wall and increase the size of the lumen improving blood flow

Question 5

What does the Internal Thoracic A supply and what are its branches and corresponding things it supplies

Answer 5

Travels inferiorly to posterior aspect of anterior chest wall between ribs and transverse thoracic muscles

branches:
Anterior intercostal A (travel in the costal grooves)
-these branch to make perforating Branches and Medial Mammary branches that supply the breast

Pericardiacophrenic A (primary blood supply to the pericardium and will also supply the thoracic diaphragm)

Musculophrenic (terminal branch travels in medial margin of the 7th-9th costal cartilages and supply the 7th-9th anterior most intercostal spaces and the thoracic diaphragm

Superior Epigastric A (terminal branch travels deep surface of the rectus abdominus M and forms an anastomosis with the inferior epigastric A

Question 6

What does the Lateral Thoracic A supply, what are its branches and their corresponding things it supplies

Answer 6

branches off the Axillary A

supplies the pectoralis Major, minor, serratus anterior, and intercostal A

also gives a lateral mammary branch to supply the breast

Question 7

What are the three Vascular planes that branch off the descending aorta

Answer 7

Unpaired Visceral Branches
Paired Lateral Visceral Branches
Paired Segmental Parietal Branches

Question 8

What are the 3 unpaired visceral branches

Answer 8

Mediastinal A (supply the lymph nodes of the posterior mediastinum)

Esophageal A (supply the middle 1/3 of the esophagus)

Pericardial A (small branches to the pericardium)

Question 9

What are the Paired lateral Visceral Branches

Answer 9

Right Bronchial A (supplies the structures of the hilum of the right lung, this can arise from the upper posterior intercostal A, descending aorta, or the left bronchial A

Left Bronchial A (supplies the structures of the hilum of the left lung, this can arise from the dscending aorta)

Question 10

What are the Paired segmental parietal branches

Answer 10

Posterior intercostal A (paired artery for each segment of vertebrae)
branches of this are:
-Dorsal branch (travel with the posterior ramus of the spinal nerves
-Collateral branch (travels along the superior edge of rib
-Lateral cutaneous A (travels through the intercostal muscles to supply an area of skin and subcutaneous tissue on the lateral trunk: gives rise to lateral mammary branches

Subcostal A (travels into the abdomen below the 12th rib with the subcostal N)

Question 11

what artery does not fit in the three planes of branching patterns coming off the descending aorta

Answer 11

Superior phrenic A (supplies the thoracic diaphragm)

Question 12

what are the branches of the Pulmonary Trunk

Answer 12

Right Pulmonary A

• superior lobar Artery
• Middle lobar A
• Inferior lobar A
• all will then give off segmental arteries

Left Pulmonary A

• Superior Lobar A
• Inferior Lobar A
• all will then give off segmental arteries

Question 13

Pulmonary Embolism

Answer 13

Obstruction of a pulmonary A by an embolus such as a blood clot, fat globule or air bubble

the embolus usually passes from a vein through the right side of the heart into the pulmonary arteries

Question 14

How do the branching patterns act for arteries in the lung vs veins

Answer 14

Arteries will follow the corresponding bronchus and follow that pattern

Veins will travel intersegmentally between the bronchopulmonary segments

Question 15

What are the two main Pulmonary veins

Answer 15

Right Pulmonary Vein (superior and inferior branches will exit the lung at the hilum and enter the left atrium bringing oxygenated blood

Left Pulmonary Vein (superior and inferior branches will exit the left lung at the hilum and enter the left atrium bringing oxygenated blood)

Question 16

The coronary sinus and what veins drain into here

Answer 16

found on the posterior aspect of the heart

Great Cardiac V (starts on the anterior aspect of the heart and travels with the anterior interventricular A, then with the circumflex A to go dump into the coronary sinus)

Middle Cardiac V (travels along the posterior aspect of the heart and travels with the posterior interventricular a)

Small cardiac V (travels along the inferior border of the heart and travels with the right marginal A)

Question 17

WHat are the two Veins of the heart that dont dump into the Coronary Sinus

Answer 17

Anterior Cardiac V (anterior surface of the heart and crosses over the right atrioventricular Groove and empties directly into the right atrium)

Smallest cardiac V (super small vessesls that exist in the myocardium and drain directly into the internal chambers of the heart

Question 18

What three veins drain the location of the heart where the vena cavea cant drain

Answer 18

Azygous V (drains the right side of the posterior thoracic wall from the right posterior intercostal V) drains into the superior vena cavea

Hemiazygos V (drains the lower posterior intercostal V from the left side and communicates with the Azygous V via a communicating branch

Accessory Hemiazygous V (drains the superior posterior intercostal V from the left side into a communicating vein that connects with the azygous V