CPR Pulmonology Flashcards
what are the lobes and fissures of the Left lung
Two lobes separated by the Oblique Fissure
- Superior Lobe
- Inferior Lobe
What are the lobes and fissures of the Right lung
Three lobes separated by the Oblique and Horizontal Fissure
- Superior Lobe
- Middle lobe
- Inferior Lobe
Oblique seperates the Superior and Middle from the inferior
Horizontal fissure seperates the Superior from the Middle
What are the three surfaces of the lungs
Costal surface
Mediastinal surface
Diaphragmatic surface
Where is the Hilum found and what contents does it contain
Found on the Mediastinal surface
Pulmonary A opening (thickest walled blood vessel)
Pulmonary V opening (Thinnest walled structure)
Main Bronchi ( Typically more posterior and inferior but will contain cafrtilage
Special Grooves and impressions of the Right lung
Cardiac impression Groove for the Azygous V Groove for the Esophagus Groove for the Superior Vena Cava Groove for the Inferior Vena Cava Groove for the 1st Rib Groove for the Brachiocephalic V
Special Grooves and impressions of the left lung
Cardiac Impression Groove for the aortic Arch Groove for the Descending Aorta Groove for the 1st Rib Groove for the Subclavian A
What are the three borders for each lung and what are some characteristics of one of the borders, and where does one border travel into during inspiration
Anterior Border: Left lung has a Cardiac notch and Lingula
Inferior Border: projects into the Costodiaphragmatic and Costomediastinal Recesses
Posterior Border
What does Lung Cancer Derive from and what are other structures it can affect?
Derive from Actual lung tissue, or from the Bronchi (Bronchogenic Carcinoma)
Treatment of Lung Cancer via removal 3 types?
Pneumonectomy: whole lung
Lobectomy: removal of a lobe
Segmentectomy: specific Bronchopulmonary Segment removal
-this is done through a proceduure called a lung resection
What are the two types of pleura around the lung and what does it adhere to
Parietal Pleura (adherent to the thoracic wall)
Visceral Pleura (adherent to the lungs and extends into the fissures)
Plerura is a paired serous membrane surrounding the lungs
what are the 4 regions of the Parietal Pleura
Costal Pleura (internal surface of the thoracic wall)
Mediastinal Pleura (lateral mediastinum)
Diaphragmatic Pleura ( superior Diaphragm)
Cervical Pleuura (Dome shaped over the apex of the lung)
What is Pleuritis
Inflammation of the Pleura producing a roughness on the lungs making breathing difficult
What is housed in the Pleural Cavity and what type of space is it?
Potential space between the two layers of Pleura that contain serous lubericating fluid that reduces friction and produces cohesion through surface tension
How does Pulmonary collapse occur
When enough air enters the pleural cavity from a penetrating wound to the thoracic wall or a rupture of a pulmonary lesion into the pleural cavity
causes a collapsed lung
Pneumothorax?
Hydrothorax?
Hemothorax?
Pneumothorax: Entry of air into the Pleural Cavity from a penetrating wound to the thoracic wall, or a pulmonary lesion into the pleural cavity, leads to a collapsed lung
Hydrothorax: Accumulation of excess fluid in the pleural cavity, usually the resuult of fluid escape into the Pleural Cavity, or pleural effusion
Hemothorax: Accumulation of blood into the Pleural cavity usually from a laceration of an intercostal vessel
What are the three lines of Reflection
abrupt changes in the direction of the Parietal pleura
Sternal Line of pleura reflection: costal becomes mediastinal anteriorly
Costal Line of pleura reflection: Costal becomes diaphragmatic
Vertebral line of pleura reflection: Costal becomes mdiastinal posteriorly
What are the branches of the area and their functions
Trachea
Left and right Main Bronchus (Primary Bronchus) right is more vertical and shorter and wider
Lobular bronchus (name of lobe) (secondary Bronchus)
- Right superior
- right middle
- right inferior
- left superior
- left inferior
Segmental Bronchi (teritary bronchi) name associated with corresponding bronchopulmonary segment
Conducting Bronchiole (beginning of no cartilage)
Terminal Bronchiole
Respiratory Bronchiole (some gas exchange)
Alveolar Duct (ending at the alveolus, the functional unit)
What is bronchial Asthma
widespread narrowing of the airways produced by contraction of smooth muscle, edema of the mucosa and mucus in the lumen of the Bronchi and Bronchioles
Bronchoscopy
Insertion of a Bronchoscope into the trachea to visualize the Main Bronchi
